Public perception and community-level impact of national action plans on antimicrobial resistance in Vietnam.

Objectives: Vietnam was the first country from the WHO Western Pacific Region to adopt a national action plan (NAP) on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in 2013. The multilayered nature of AMR requires coordination across 'One Health' sectors, dedicated financing, multistakeholder involvement, and widespread community engagement to implement the action plans. This study explores the perceived impact of NAP implementation at the community level.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of commercial essential oils against common chicken pathogenic bacteria and their relationship with antibiotic resistance.

Aims: We investigated the antibacterial effect of seven essential oils (EOs) and one EO-containing liquid phytogenic solution marketed for poultry and pigs ('Product A') on chicken pathogens, as well as the relationship between minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in EOs and antibiotics commonly administered to chicken flocks in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam).

Methods And Results: Micellar extracts from oregano (Origanum vulgare), cajeput (Melaleuca leucadendra), garlic (Allium sativum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) EOs and Product A were investigated for their MIC against Avibacterium endocarditidis (N = 10), Pasteurella multocida (N = 7), Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) (N = 10), Escherichia coli (N = 10) and Gallibacterium anatis (N = 10).

Feasibility study of a field survey to measure antimicrobial usage in humans and animals in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.

Background: Development of antimicrobial use (AMU) surveillance systems in humans and animals is a priority for many low- and middle-income countries; however accurate estimations are hampered by a diversity of animal production systems and metrics. The Mekong Delta region of Vietnam is a 'hotspot' of antimicrobial resistance and is home to a high density of humans and animal populations.

Objectives: To measure and compare AMU using different metrics (standing population, biomass and population correction unit) in the Mekong Delta, and to explore the potential of field-based data collection methods in the design of AMU surveillance systems.

Effects of prophylactic and therapeutic antimicrobial uses in small-scale chicken flocks.

Antimicrobials are extensively used both prophylactically and therapeutically in poultry production. Despite this, there are little data on the effect of antimicrobial use (AMU) on disease incidence rate and per cent mortality. We investigated the relationships between AMU and disease and between AMU and mortality using data from a large (n = 322 flocks) cohort of small-scale chicken flocks in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, that were followed longitudinally from day old to slaughter (5,566 observation weeks).

Characterizing Antimicrobial Resistance in Chicken Pathogens: A Step towards Improved Antimicrobial Stewardship in Poultry Production in Vietnam.

In the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, farmers use large quantities of antimicrobials to raise small-scale chicken flocks, often including active ingredients regarded of "critical importance'" by the World Health Organization. Due to limitations in laboratory capacity, the choice of antimicrobials normally does not follow any empirical criteria of effectiveness. The aim of this study was to highlight non-critically important antimicrobials against which chicken pathogens are likely to be susceptible as a basis for treatment guidelines.

Preimplantation Genetic Testing of Aneuploidy by Next Generation Sequencing: Association of Maternal Age and Chromosomal Abnormalities of Blastocyst.

Background: Aneuploidy is a major cause of miscarriages and implantation failure. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is able to detect of the numeral and structural chromosomal abnormalities of embryos in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Aim: This study was aimed to assess the relationship between maternal age and chromosomal abnormalities NGS technology.

Antimicrobial residues, non-typhoidal , spp. and associated microbiological hazards in retail shrimps purchased in Ho Chi Minh city (Vietnam).

We investigated antimicrobial residues, non-typhoidal (NTS), spp. and their associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR), in shrimps locally purchased in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). In addition, we investigated the relationship between AMR in NTS, spp.

Mortality, disease and associated antimicrobial use in commercial small-scale chicken flocks in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam.

Raising chickens in small-scale flocks following all-in-all-out management is common in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. These flocks represent an intermediate category between backyard and intensive (industrial) farming systems. However, little is known about the occurrence and burden of disease and/or mortality in such flocks, and their potential association with antimicrobial usage (AMU).

Surgical treatment of epilepsy in Vietnam: program development and international collaboration.

Objective: The purpose of this report was to describe an international collaboration model to facilitate the surgical treatment of children with epilepsy in Vietnam.

Methods: This model uses three complementary methods to achieve a meaningful expansion in epilepsy surgery capacity: US-based providers visiting Hanoi, Vietnam; Vietnamese providers visiting the US; and ongoing telecollaboration, including case review and real-time mentorship using internet-based communication platforms.

Results: Introductions took place during a US neurosurgeon's visit to Vietnam in 2014.

Antimicrobial residues and resistance against critically important antimicrobials in non-typhoidal Salmonella from meat sold at wet markets and supermarkets in Vietnam.

Excessive antimicrobial usage and deficiencies in hygiene in meat production systems may result in undesirable human health hazards, such as the presence of antimicrobial drug residues and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), including antimicrobial resistant (AMR) NTS. Recently, Vietnam has witnessed the emergence of integrated intensive animal production systems, coexisting with more traditional, locally-sourced wet markets. To date no systematic studies have been carried out to compare health hazards in beef, pork and chicken in different production systems.

Mung bean lipoxygenase in the production of a C6-aldehyde. Natural green-note flavor generation via biotransformation.

Mung bean was investigated as a novel source of lipoxygenase in the natural production of the green-note aroma compound hexanal. Lipoxygenase extracted from mung bean catalyzed the oxidative reaction of linoleic acid, after which the intermediate hydroperoxide compound was split via green bell pepper hydroperoxide lyase to produce hexanal. In comparison to soybean lipoxygenase, mung bean lipoxygenase was found to be a good substitute as it produced 15.