Gunshot wounds to the chest with arterial bullet embolization.

This report describes two cases involving small-caliber gunshot wounds to the chest with embolization of the bullet (.22 long rifle). In the first patient, hemodynamic status permitted additional imaging before surgery.

Amine reactive dyes: an effective tool to discriminate live and dead cells in polychromatic flow cytometry.

Membrane-damaged cells caused by either mechanical trauma or through normal biological processes can produce artifacts in immunophenotyping analysis by flow cytometry. Dead cells can nonspecifically bind monoclonal antibody conjugates, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions, particularly when cell frequencies are low. To date, DNA intercalating dyes (Ethidium monoazaide (EMA), Propidium Iodide, 7AAD, etc.

Highly efficient gold-catalyzed atom-economical annulation of phenols with dienes.

[reaction: see text] A highly efficient annulation of phenols and naphthols with dienes was developed by using a combination of AuCl(3)/AgOTf as catalyst. The annulation generated various benzofuran derivatives under mild conditions rapidly.

Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection and prolonged diarrhea in children.

Some clinical isolates of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) lack bundle-forming pili and are termed atypical EPEC. The aim of this study was to determine if atypical EPEC are pathogens by comparing the clinical features of patients infected with atypical EPEC with those of children infected with other causative agents of diarrhea. Fecal samples obtained from children attending the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne for investigation of diarrhea were examined for adenovirus, rotavirus, Campylobacter spp.

Cutaneous manifestations of HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: an institutional urban clinic experience.

Background: Widespread introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the mid 1990s has altered the presentation of the cutaneous manifestations associated with HIV infection.

Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the use of HAART on the prevalence and spectrum of cutaneous manifestations in HIV-infected patients.

Methods: A study of the initial visits of 897 HIV-infected patients at an urban dermatology clinic between 1996 and 2002 was performed.

Screening HIV-positive pregnant women for antiretroviral therapy: utility of self-reported symptoms.

In developing countries, Mother-to-Child Transmission-Plus programmes propose to identify lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART)-eligible women during antenatal care. Identification using AIDS-related symptoms is the most feasible screening procedure in resource-limited settings. It is not known if symptomatology in pregnant women is correlated with clinical criteria for ART initiation based on CD(4)+ cell count or HIV-1 viral load.

An annulation toward fused bicyclolactones.

The combination of Lewis and Bronsted acids catalyzed the addition of beta-ketoesters to cyclic diene. Lactonization occurs in situ to afford fused bicyclic lactones directly. The catalysis provides an expedient route to bicylic lactones via a zip-process.

Terms in reproductive and perinatal epidemiology: 2. Perinatal terms.

This is the second of a two part glossary of terms used in reproductive and perinatal epidemiology. The purpose is to provide a reference for terms that are widely (if not always consistently) used in this field. While a glossary cannot resolve all these problems, it provides a point of reference for understanding them.

Terms in reproductive and perinatal epidemiology: I. Reproductive terms.

This is the first of a two part glossary of terms used in reproductive and perinatal epidemiology.

Accuracy of men's recall of their partner's time to pregnancy.

Background: Occupational studies of fertility often rely on men's report of time to pregnancy (TTP). We assessed accuracy of men's report of TTP compared with TTP derived from data from their female partners.

Methods: Men from the Dieckmann diethylstilbestrol cohort were interviewed to assess fertility.

The prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology in a sexually transmitted diseases clinic.

Women seeking sexually transmitted disease (STD) services are at high risk of human papillomavirus infections. Cervical cytological screening with Papanicolau staining (Pap smear) is not consistently offered at public STD clinics. We reviewed Pap smear results on a series of 1000 female STD clinic attendees, abstracted demographics, risk behaviours and STD diagnosis from the clinical record and tested for associations with abnormal Pap smear.

Changes in stroke rehabilitation outcomes after the implementation of Japan's long-term care insurance system: a hospital-based study.

Objective: To explore the changes in stroke rehabilitation outcomes after the introduction of Japan's long-term care insurance (LTCI) system.

Design: Stroke patients discharged during a 3-yr period before and after the implementation of LTCI were compared (before-LTCI vs. after-LTCI).

Blastomycosis-like pyoderma: successful treatment with low-dose acitretin.

Blastomycosis-like pyoderma typically presents as verrucous plaque(s) with a purulent discharge through multiple sinuses. Two patients with blastomycosis-like pyoderma developing on significantly sun-damaged skin are presented: an 84-year-old man with multiple painful nodules and plaques, and a 92-year-old woman with a solitary plaque on the left calf. Histopathology showed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia with dermal foci of suppuration.

Photodynamic therapy with topical methyl aminolaevulinate for 'difficult-to-treat' basal cell carcinoma.

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) may be difficult to treat by conventional means, particularly if the lesions are large or located in the mid-face (H-zone). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL) may be a good noninvasive option for these patients.

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of PDT using MAL for BCCs defined as 'difficult to treat', i.

Gold- and silver-catalyzed highly regioselective addition of active methylenes to dienes, triene, and cyclic enol ethers.

The combination of gold and silver salts catalyzed the addition of active methylenes to dienes, triene, and cyclic enol ethers with high regioselectivity. The catalysis provides a synthetically useful method for functionalized carbocycles and heterocycles through a highly atom-economical carbon-carbon bond formation. [reaction: see text]

Clinical and epidemiologic characterization of photosensitivity in HIV-positive individuals.

Background: An increased prevalence and severity of cutaneous photosensitivity has been recognized in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, this disorder remains poorly characterized in terms of its epidemiology, predisposing factors, clinical, and environmental associations.

Methods: To define the risk factors associated with the presence of photosensitivity among HIV-positive individuals, a cross-sectional study of 631 primary patient visits to an urban HIV Dermatology clinic between January 1997 and August 2001, inclusive, was conducted.

Fetal neurobehavioral development: a tale of two cities.

Longitudinal neurobehavioral development was examined in 237 fetuses of low-risk pregnancies from 2 distinct populations--Baltimore, Maryland, and Lima. Peru--at 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, and 38 weeks gestation. Data were based on digitized Doppler-based fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal movement (FM).

Performance of a commercial, type-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific antibodies in Ugandans.

Two hundred forty-eight human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 496 HIV-negative subjects in Uganda were tested by HerpeSelect herpes simplex virus type 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting to optimize the ELISA for use in this population. A higher index cutoff value was required for optimal sensitivity and specificity, and overall performance of the assay was not affected by HIV status.

[Dacryolithiasis: diagnosis using nasal endoscopy].

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the value of two new clinical findings for the diagnosis of dacryolithiasis discovered with nasal endoscopy: anatomical abnormalities of the Hasner valve (HV) and mucopurulent discharge visible at this valve. The value of these findings is compared with other clinical and radiological signs of dacryolithiasis. A hypothesis is developed as to the responsibility of the HV in the formation of dacryolithiasis.

A comparison of photodynamic therapy using topical methyl aminolevulinate (Metvix) with single cycle cryotherapy in patients with actinic keratosis: a prospective, randomized study.

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) is a very common condition, which has the potential of progressing to squamous cell carcinoma. The present study is a prospective, randomized study comparing the lesion response, cosmetic outcome, patient satisfaction and tolerability of a new treatment modality, photodynamic therapy (PDT), using topical methyl aminolevulinate (Metvix), with the most commonly used standard therapy for AK, cryotherapy.

Methods: A total of 204 patients with clinically diagnosed AK were randomized to either cryotherapy or PDT.

Optimizing the reversibility of hydrazone formation for dynamic combinatorial chemistry.

Hydrazones from hydrazines bearing electron withdrawing groups, and aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes form and hydrolyse rapidly in water at neutral pH.

The Caenorhabditis elegans innexin INX-3 is localized to gap junctions and is essential for embryonic development.

Innexins are the proposed structural components of gap junctions in invertebrates. Antibodies that specifically recognize the Caenorhabditis elegans innexin protein INX-3 were generated and used to examine the patterns of inx-3 gene expression and the subcellular sites of INX-3 localization. INX-3 is first detected in two-cell embryos, concentrated at the intercellular interface, and is expressed ubiquitously throughout the cellular proliferation phase of embryogenesis.