Hierarchical SnO₂ nanoparticle-ZnO nanorod photoanode for improving transport and life time of photoinjected electrons in dye-sensitized solar cell.

A hierarchical photoanode comprising a SnO(2) nanoparticle underlayer and a ZnO nanorod overlayer was prepared and its photovoltaic performance was compared to photoanodes consisting of SnO(2) nanoparticle only and ZnO nanorod only. The photoanode layer thickness was adjusted to about 7.6 μm to eliminate thickness effect.