Advances in glycosyltransferase-mediated glycodiversification of small molecules.

Currently, numerous glycosides have been synthesized and used in clinical applications, neutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food processing. Structurally, a glycoside is composed of aglycone attaching to one or several sugar moieties so-called glycone. It is found that biochemical or biopharmaceutical properties of glycoside are mainly determined by its sugar part and thereby alternation of this glycone resulting in novel structure and characteristics as well.

Metabolic engineering and optimization of Escherichia coli co-culture for the de novo synthesis of genkwanin.

Genkwanin has various significant roles in nutrition, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical biology. Previously, this compound was chiefly produced by plant-originated extraction or chemical synthesis. However, due to increasing concern and demand for safe food and environmental issues, the biotechnological production of genkwanin and other bioactive compounds based on safe, cheap, and renewable substrates has gained much interest.

Bioproduction of eriodictyol by Escherichia coli engineered co-culture.

Eriodictyol (ED) is a flavonoid in the flavanones subclass. It is abundantly present in a wide range of medicinal plants, citrus fruits, and vegetables. In addition, ED owns numerous importantly medicinal bioactivities such as inhibition of proliferation, metastasis and induction of apoptosis in glioma cells or inhibition of glioblastoma migration, and invasion.

Recent advances in microbial co-culture for production of value-added compounds.

Micro-organisms have often been used to produce bioactive compounds as antibiotics, antifungals, and anti-tumors, etc. due to their easy and applicable culture, genetic manipulation, and extraction, etc. Mainly, microbial mono-cultures have been applied to produce value-added compounds and gotten numerous valuable results.

Bioassay-guided isolation of antimycobacterial substances from the traditionally used lichen (L.) Hoffm.

Unlabelled: The aim of the present study is to provide a scientific rationale for the folklore usage of (L.) Hoffm. in treating tuberculosis (Tb).

Advances in biochemistry and the biotechnological production of taxifolin and its derivatives.

Taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) and its derivatives are medicinally important flavanonols with a wide distribution in plants. These compounds have been isolated from various plants, such as milk thistle, onions, french maritime, and tamarind. In general, they are commercially generated in semisynthetic forms.

Recent Advances in Exploration and Biotechnological Production of Bioactive Compounds in Three Cyanobacterial Genera: , and .

, are only Gram-negative bacteria with the capacity of oxygenic photosynthesis, so termed as "Cyanophyta" or "blue-green algae." Their habitat is ubiquitous, which includes the diverse environments, such as soil, water, rock and other organisms (symbiosis, commensalism, or parasitism, etc.,).

Acylated flavonoid glycosides from .

Using various chromatographic separations, three new acylated flavonoid glycosides, namely barringosides G-I (-), were isolated from the water-soluble extract of branches and leaves. The structure elucidation was performed by extensive analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR and HR-QTOF-MS data. Of the isolated compounds, barringoside I () showed moderate inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.

An auto-inducible phosphate-controlled expression system of Bacillus licheniformis.

Background: A promoter that drives high-level, long-term expression of the target gene under substrate limited growth conditions in the absence of an artificial inducer would facilitate the efficient production of heterologous proteins at low cost. A novel phosphate-regulated expression system was constructed using the promoter of the phytase encoding gene phyL from Bacillus licheniformis for the overexpression of proteins in this industrially relevant host.

Results: It is shown that the phyL promoter enables a strong overexpression of the heterologous genes amyE and xynA in B.

Escherichia coli modular coculture system for resveratrol glucosides production.

In bio-based fermentation, the overall bioprocess efficiency is significantly affected by the metabolic burden associated with the expression of complete biosynthetic pathway as well as precursor and cofactor generating enzymes into a single microbial cell. To attenuate such burden by compartmentalizing the enzyme expression, recently synthetic biologists have used coculture or poly-culture techniques for biomolecules synthesis. In this paper, coculture system of two metabolically engineered Escherichia coli populations were employed which comprises upstream module expressing two enzymes converting para-coumaric acid into resveratrol and the downstream module expressing glucosyltransferase to convert the resveratrol into its glucosidated forms; polydatin and resveratroloside.

Genome-guided exploration of metabolic features of Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952: past, current, and prospect.

Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 produces two major anthracyclines, doxorubicin (DXR) and daunorubicin (DNR), which are potent chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of several cancers. In order to gain detailed insight on genetics and biochemistry of the strain, the complete genome was determined and analyzed. The result showed that its complete sequence contains 7187 protein coding genes in a total of 8,023,114 bp, whereas 87% of the genome contributed to the protein coding region.

Engineering co-culture system for production of apigetrin in Escherichia coli.

Microbial cells have extensively been utilized to produce value-added bioactive compounds. Based on advancement in protein engineering, DNA recombinant technology, genome engineering, and metabolic remodeling, the microbes can be re-engineered to produce industrially and medicinally important platform chemicals. The emergence of co-culture system which reduces the metabolic burden and allows parallel optimization of the engineered pathway in a modular fashion restricting the formation of undesired byproducts has become an alternative way to synthesize and produce bioactive compounds.

Synthesis of umbelliferone derivatives in and their biological activities.

Background: Umbelliferone, also known as 7-hydroxycoumarin, is a phenolic metabolite found in many familiar plants. Its derivatives have been shown to have various pharmacological and chemo-preventive effects on human health. A uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase YjiC from DSM 13, a cytochrome P450BM3 (CYP450 BM3) variant namely mutant 13 (M13) from , and an -methyltransferase from (SaOMT2) were used for modifications of umbelliferone.

Saccharopolyspora Species: Laboratory Maintenance and Enhanced Production of Secondary Metabolites.

Saccharopolyspora spp. are aerobic, Gram-positive, non-acid-fast, and non-motile actinomycetes. Various species of the genus Saccharopolyspora have been reported with an ability to produce various bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical and agricultural uses.

Microbial production of astilbin, a bioactive rhamnosylated flavanonol, from taxifolin.

Flavonoids are plant-based polyphenolic biomolecules with a wide range of biological activities. Glycosylated flavonoids have drawn special attention in the industries as it improves solubility, stability, and bioactivity. Herein, we report the production of astilbin (ATN) from taxifolin (TFN) in genetically-engineered Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).

A Phosphate Starvation-Inducible Ribonuclease of Bacillus licheniformis.

The BLi03719 protein of Bacillus licheniformis DSM13 belongs to the most abundant extracellular proteins under phosphate starvation conditions. In this study, the function of this phosphate starvation inducible protein was determined. An amino-acid sequence analysis of the BLi03719-encoding gene showed a high similarity with genes encoding the barnase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 and binase-like RNase of Bacillus pumilus SARF-032.

Methylation of flavonoids: Chemical structures, bioactivities, progress and perspectives for biotechnological production.

Among the natural products, flavonoids have been particularly attractive, highly studied and become one of the most important promising agent to treat cancer, oxidant stress, pathogenic bacteria, inflammations, cardio-vascular dysfunctions, etc. Despite many promising roles of flavonoids, expectations have not been fulfilled when studies were extended to the in vivo condition, particularly in humans. Instability and very low oral bioavailability of dietary flavonoids are the reasons behind this.

Advances in Biochemistry and Microbial Production of Squalene and Its Derivatives.

Squalene is a linear triterpene formed via the MVA or MEP biosynthetic pathway and is widely distributed in bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, and animals. Metabolically, squalene is used not only as a precursor in the synthesis of complex secondary metabolites such as sterols, hormones, and vitamins, but also as a carbon source in aerobic and anaerobic fermentation in microorganisms. Owing to the increasing roles of squalene as an antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory agent, the demand for this chemical is highly urgent.

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of isoflavonoid-4'-O-methoxides and their biological activities.

Isoflavonoid representatives such as genistein and daidzein are highly potent anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant agents. It have been demonstrated that methylation of flavonoids enhanced the transporting ability, which lead to facilitated absorption and greatly increased bioavailability. In this paper, genetically engineered Escherichia coli was reconstructed by harboring E.

Recent advances in biochemistry and biotechnological synthesis of avermectins and their derivatives.

Avermectins (AVMs), produced by Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680 (or ATCC 31267, NRRL 8165, NCBIM 12804), are 16-member macrocylic lactones that play very important functions as bactericidal and antiparasitic agents against nematodes and anthropods, as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Since its discovery in 1975, use of AVM has been widely spreading around the globe. To date, the whole genome sequence of S.

Improvement of regio-specific production of myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside in engineered Escherichia coli.

Myricetin is an important flavonol whose medically important properties include activities as an antioxidant, anticarcinogen, and antimutagen. The solubility, stability, and other biological properties of the compounds can be enhanced by conjugating aglycon with sugar moieties. The type of sugar moiety also plays a significant role in the biological and physical properties of the natural product glycosides.

Recent biotechnological progress in enzymatic synthesis of glycosides.

Glycosylation is one of the most important post-modification processes of small molecules and enables the parent molecule to have increased solubility, stability, and bioactivity. Enzyme-based glycosylation has achieved significant progress due to advances in protein engineering, DNA recombinant techniques, exploitation of biosynthetic gene clusters of natural products, and computer-based modeling programs. Our report summarizes glycosylation data that have been published within the past five years to provide an overall review of current progress.

Characterization of sterol glucosyltransferase from Salinispora tropica CNB-440: potential enzyme for the biosynthesis of sitosteryl glucoside.

A sterol glucosyltransferase-encoded gene was isolated from Salinispora tropica CNB-440, a marine, sediment-dwelling, Gram positive bacterium that produces the potent anticancer compound, salinosporamide A. The full-length gene consists of 1284 nucleotides and encodes 427 amino acids with a calculated mass of 45.65kDa.