Characterizing the Phan Rang Sheep: A First Look at the Y Chromosome, Mitochondrial DNA, and Morphometrics.

The Phan Rang sheep, considered the sole indigenous breed of Vietnam, are primarily concentrated in the two central provinces of Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan, with Ninh Thuan accounting for more than 90% of the country's sheep population. These provinces are known for their high temperatures and frequent droughts. The long-standing presence of the Phan Rang sheep in these regions suggests their potential resilience to heat stress-a trait of increasing interest in the face of global climate change.

Bioproduction of eriodictyol by Escherichia coli engineered co-culture.

Eriodictyol (ED) is a flavonoid in the flavanones subclass. It is abundantly present in a wide range of medicinal plants, citrus fruits, and vegetables. In addition, ED owns numerous importantly medicinal bioactivities such as inhibition of proliferation, metastasis and induction of apoptosis in glioma cells or inhibition of glioblastoma migration, and invasion.

Expression of 42 kDa chitinase of Trichoderma asperellum (Ta-CHI42) from a synthetic gene in Escherichia coli.

Chitinases are enzymes that catalyze the degradation of chitin, a major component of the cell walls of pathogenic fungi and cuticles of insects, gaining increasing attention for the control of fungal pathogens and insect pests. Production of recombinant chitinase in a suitable host can result in a more pure product with less processing time and a significantly larger yield than that produced by native microorganisms. The present study aimed to express the synthetic chi42 gene (syncodChi42), which was optimized from the chi42 gene of Trichoderma asperellum SH16, in Escherichia coli to produce 42 kDa chitinase (Ta-CHI42); then determined the activity of this enzyme, characterizations and in vitro antifungal activity as well as its immunogenicity in mice.

Growth and Oleanolic Acid Accumulation of Polyscias fruticosa Cell Suspension Cultures.

Background: Oleanolic acid is an oleanane triterpene found in many plant species all over the world. This compound is also a major saponin in leaves of Polyscias fruticosa and possesses several promising pharmacological activities, such as hepatoprotective effects, and antiinflammatory, antioxidant, or anticancer activities.

Objective: The objective of the present work is to establish cell suspension culture of P.

Characterisation and antifungal activity of extracellular chitinase from a biocontrol fungus, PQ34.

species were known as biological control agents against phytopathogenic fungi because they produce a variety of chitinases. Chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that break down glycosidic bonds in chitin, a major component of the cell walls of fungi. The present study shows that extracellular chitinase activity reached a maximum value of approximately 22 U/mL after 96 h of PQ34 strain culture.

Expression of Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit in Centella (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) via Biolistic Transformation.

Background: Heat-Labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) produced by Escherichia coli, a non-toxic protein subunit with potential biological properties, is a powerful mucosal and parenteral adjuvant which can induce a strong immune response against co-administered antigens.

Objective: In the present study, LTB protein, encoded by the optimized ltb (also known synthetic ltb, s-ltb) gene in centella plant (Centella asiatica) for use as an antigen, has been discussed.

Methods: The s-ltb gene was cloned into a plant expression vector, pMYO51, adjacent to the CaMV 35S promoter and was then introduced into centella plant by biolistic transformation.

Cloning, expression and characterization of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from Burkholderia cepacia.

The present study reports on the cloning, expression and characterization of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (CAT) of bacterial strains isolated from dioxin-contaminated soils in Vietnam. Two isolated bacterial strains DF2 and DF4 were identified as Burkholderia cepacia based on their 16S rRNA sequences. Their genes coding CAT was amplified with a specific pair of primers.

Characterizations and Fibrinolytic Activity of Serine Protease from Bacillus subtilis C10.

Background: Fibrinolytic enzymes, such as Nattokinases from Bacillus species are known to degrade the fibrin blood clots. They belong to serine protease group having commercial applications, such as therapeutic agents and functional food formulation.

Objective: The present study reports some characteristics and fibrinolytic activity of serine protease from B.

Isolation and characterization of a moderate thermophilic Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans strain 4B1 capable of degrading dibenzofuran from dioxin-contaminated soil in Vietnam.

A moderate thermophilic dibenzofuran (DF) degrader, strain 4B1, was isolated from dioxin-contaminated soil in Vietnam under thermophilic condition. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis assigned the strain to genus Paenibacillus. The optimum growth temperature of strain 4B1 was 45°C with a doubling time of 2.

Identification and Characterization of Genes in the Curcuminoid Pathway of Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe.

Background: Curcuminoid genes have an important role in the biosynthesis of curcumin, a valuable bioactive compound, in Curcuma species. However, there have not been any reports of these genes in Curcuma zedoaria.

Objective: The present work reports on the isolation of genes encoding enzymes in curcuminoid metabolic pathway and their expression in C.

Protective Effects of Bacteriophages against Aeromonas hydrophila Species Causing Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) in Striped Catfish.

To determine the effectivity of bacteriophages in controlling the mass mortality of striped catfish () due to infections caused by spp. in Vietnamese fish farms, bacteriophages against pathogenic were isolated. -phage 2 and -phage 5 were successfully isolated from water samples from the Saigon River of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Production of eurycomanone from cell suspension culture of Eurycoma longifolia.

Context: Eurycomanone is found in the Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simaroubaceae) tree, exhibits significant antimalarial activity, improves spermatogenesis, suppresses expression of lung cancer cell tumour markers and regulates signalling pathways involved in proliferation, cell death and inflammation.

Objectives: Establishment of cell suspension culture of E. longifolia to determine the eurycomanone accumulation during cultures.

Effect of salicylic acid on expression level of genes related with isoprenoid pathway in centella (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) cells.

In this study, we report the expression level of CaSQS, CabAS and CaCYS, the genes involved in phytosterol and triterpene metabolic pathway of centella (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban), in cells elicited with salicylic acid (50-200 µM). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis indicated CaSQS, CabAS, and CaCYS genes expressed in both the wild-type and cultured cells (with and without elicitation).

Characterization of a novel manganese dependent endoglucanase belongs in GH family 5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

The cDNA encoding a putative glycoside hydrolase family 5, which has been predicted to be an endoglucanase (PcEg5A), was cloned from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and expressed in Pichia pastoris. PcEg5A contains a carbohydrate-binding domain and two important amino acids, E209 and E319, playing as proton donor and nucleophile in substrate catalytic domain. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the recombinant endoglucanase 5A (rPcEg5A) has a molecular size of 43 kDa which corresponds with the theoretical calculation.

Iron pyrite thin film counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells: high efficiency for iodine and cobalt redox electrolyte cells.

Iron pyrite has been the material of interest in the solar community due to its optical properties and abundance. However, the progress is marred due to the lack of control on the surface and intrinsic chemistry of pyrite. In this report, we show iron pyrite as an efficient counter electrode (CE) material alternative to the conventional Pt and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) CEs in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).

Cloning and Expression of Genes Encoding F107-C and K88-1NT Fimbrial Proteins of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from Piglets.

We cloned two genes coding F107-C and K88-1NT fimbrial subunits from strains E. coli C and 1NT isolated from Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. The mature peptide of faeG gene from strain E.

Production of asiaticoside from centella (Centella asiatica L. Urban) cells in bioreactor.

Objective: To investigate the effects of some culture conditions on production of asiaticoside from centella (Centella asiatica L. Urban) cells cultured in 5-L bioreactor.

Methods: The centell cell suspension culture was conducted in 5-L bioreactor to investigate the growth and asiaticoside accumulation under various conditions.

Non-lethal heat shock increased Hsp70 and immune protein transcripts but not Vibrio tolerance in the white-leg shrimp.

Non-lethal heat shock boosts bacterial and viral disease tolerance in shrimp, possibly due to increases in endogenous heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and/or immune proteins. To further understand the mechanisms protecting shrimp against infection, Hsp70 and the mRNAs encoding the immune-related proteins prophenoloxidase (proPO), peroxinectin, penaeidin, crustin and hemocyanin were studied in post-larvae of the white-leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, following a non-lethal heat shock. As indicated by RT-qPCR, a 30 min abrupt heat shock increased Hsp70 mRNA in comparison to non-heated animals.

Trichoderma asperellumChi42 Genes Encode Chitinase.

Four Trichoderma strains (CH2, SH16, PQ34, and TN42) were isolated from soil samples collected from Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue provinces in Vietnam. The strains exhibited high chitinolytic secretion. Strain PQ34 formed the largest zone of chitinase-mediated clearance (> 4 cm in diameter) in agar containing 1% (w/v) colloidal chitin.

Trimeric liquid crystals assembled using both hydrogen and halogen bonding.

New liquid crystals are reported that are formed from non-mesomorphic components assembled using both halogen and hydrogen bonding.

A synthetic route to size-controlled fcc and fct FePt nanoparticles.

We report here a new synthetic route to FePt nanoparticles using a stoichiometric mixture of Na2Fe(CO)4 and Pt(acac)2. The structure of FePt nanoparticles, their size, chemical composition, and magnetic property can be controlled by various synthetic parameters, such as the solvent type, nature, and molar ratio of surfactants and stabilizers, synthesis temperature, and purification process. Partially ordered fct (L10) nanoparticles with room temperature magnetic coercivity can be synthesized directly in tetracosane solution at 389 degrees C.