Health disparities in the risk of severe acidosis: real-world evidence from the All of Us cohort.

Objective: To assess the health disparities across social determinants of health (SDoH) domains for the risk of severe acidosis independent of demographical and clinical factors.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective case-control study (n = 13 310, 1:4 matching) is performed using electronic health records (EHRs), SDoH surveys, and genomics data from the All of Us participants. The propensity score matching controls confounding effects due to EHR data availability.

Risk of mortality among patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis in the US from 2007 to 2021.

Background/aims: Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) mortality and risk factors have not been carefully studied in real-world settings. We examined the rate, temporal trend, and risk factors of mortality in AH.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study of individuals with AH diagnoses using medical claims data from Optum's Clinformatics® Data Mart (CDM).

Dynamics of macrophage polarization support persistence in a whole living organism.

Numerous intracellular bacterial pathogens interfere with macrophage function, including macrophage polarization, to establish a niche and persist. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of macrophage polarization during infection within host remain to be investigated. Here, we implement a model of persistent Typhimurium infection in zebrafish, which allows visualization of polarized macrophages and bacteria in real time at high resolution.

Identification of a pharyngeal mucosal lymphoid organ in zebrafish and other teleosts: Tonsils in fish?

The constant exposure of the fish branchial cavity to aquatic pathogens causes local mucosal immune responses to be extremely important for their survival. Here, we used a marker for T lymphocytes/natural killer (NK) cells (ZAP70) and advanced imaging techniques to investigate the lymphoid architecture of the zebrafish branchial cavity. We identified a sub-pharyngeal lymphoid organ, which we tentatively named "Nemausean lymphoid organ" (NELO).

Identification and Evaluation of the Growth Promotion of Endophytic Bacteria on Potato Plants.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Isolation and investigation of plant growth promoting bacteria on potato plants can provide significant information for the application of beneficial bacteria in potato production. This study aims to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria isolated from potato roots. In addition, the potential application of endophytes in promoting potato growth under <i>in vitro</i> conditions was also investigated.

Quantifying patient experiences with therapeutic neurorehabilitation technologies: a scoping review.

Purpose: Neurorehabilitation technologies are a novel approach to providing rehabilitation for patients with neurological conditions. There is a need to explore patient experiences. This study aimed; 1) To identify available questionnaires that assess patients' experiences with neurorehabilitation technologies, and 2) where reported, to document the psychometric properties of the identified questionnaires.

An arginase 2 promoter transgenic line illuminates immune cell polarisation in zebrafish.

Innate immune responses to inflammation and infection are complex and represent major challenges for developing much needed new treatments for chronic inflammatory diseases and drug-resistant infections. To be ultimately successful, the immune response must be balanced to allow pathogen clearance without excess tissue damage, processes controlled by pro- and anti-inflammatory signals. The roles of anti-inflammatory signalling in raising an appropriate immune response are underappreciated, representing overlooked potential drug targets.

Molecular Actors of Inflammation and Their Signaling Pathways: Mechanistic Insights from Zebrafish.

Inflammation is a hallmark of the physiological response to aggressions. It is orchestrated by a plethora of molecules that detect the danger, signal intracellularly, and activate immune mechanisms to fight the threat. Understanding these processes at a level that allows to modulate their fate in a pathological context strongly relies on in vivo studies, as these can capture the complexity of the whole process and integrate the intricate interplay between the cellular and molecular actors of inflammation.

Segmentation-based tracking of macrophages in 2D＋time microscopy movies inside a living animal.

The automated segmentation and tracking of macrophages during their migration are challenging tasks due to their dynamically changing shapes and motions. This paper proposes a new algorithm to achieve automatic cell tracking in time-lapse microscopy macrophage data. First, we design a segmentation method employing space-time filtering, local Otsu's thresholding, and the SUBSURF (subjective surface segmentation) method.

Using the Eat Sleep Console Model to Promote Optimal Care and Outcomes for Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Nurse-Driven, Multidisciplinary Initiative.

Background: A nurse led a team of providers in a quality improvement (QI) project to positively impact inpatient care and outcomes for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). The Eat Sleep Console (ESC) model was implemented to promote rooming-in and family-centered care as part of a nonpharmacological treatment approach.

Purpose: To compare the ESC model with the traditional Finnegan treatment approach to describe differences in infants' pharmacotherapy use (morphine), length of stay (LOS), weight loss, consumption of mother's own milk by any feeding method within 24 hours of discharge, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) use, and Pediatric Unit utilization.

Macrophages undergo a behavioural switch during wound healing in zebrafish.

In response to wound signals, macrophages are immediately recruited to the injury where they acquire distinct phenotypes and functions, playing crucial roles both in host defense and healing process. Although macrophage phenotypes have been intensively studied during wound healing, mostly using markers and expression profiles, the impact of the wound environment on macrophage shape and behaviour, and the underlying mechanisms deserve more in-depth investigation. Here, we sought to characterize the dynamics of macrophage recruitment and behaviour during aseptic wounding of the caudal fin fold of the zebrafish larva.

Preparing sequencing grade RNAs from a small number of FACS-sorted larvae macrophages isolated from enzyme free dissociated zebrafish larvae.

Macrophages are phagocytic cells from the innate immune system that are critical for tissue homeostasis and form the first line of host defense against invading pathogens. The zebrafish larva is an exquisite model to decipher the transcriptional response of macrophages after injury. We used a macrophage reporter line in which an promoter drives the expression of a farnesylated mCherry fluorescent protein to label macrophages and we performed tissue dissociation, cell isolation by Fluorescence Activated Cell sorting and RNA preparation.

Ontogenetic Changes in Blood Osmolality During the Postembryonic Development of Zebrafish ().

The zebrafish is a teleost model species widely used in developmental genetics, biomedical studies, toxicology, and drug screening. Despite the interest of this species in research, little is known through indirect observations about its blood osmolality, which is a key parameter for diverse experiments. In this study, we directly measured blood osmolality using nano-osmometry at different stages of zebrafish postembryonic development.

Cytotoxic and nitric oxide inhibitory activities of triterpenoids from L.

Using combined chromatographic separation techniques, three new triterpenoids named lycomclavatols A-C (-), a new natural product, methyl lycernuate-A (), as well as seven known compounds (-), were isolated from the methanol extract of the whole plants of . Their chemical structures were established based on 1 D/2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic analyses. Among the isolates, compound exhibited inhibitory activity on NO production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells (IC = 36.

NRG1/ErbB signalling controls the dialogue between macrophages and neural crest-derived cells during zebrafish fin regeneration.

Fish species, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio), can regenerate their appendages after amputation through the formation of a heterogeneous cellular structure named blastema. Here, by combining live imaging of triple transgenic zebrafish embryos and single-cell RNA sequencing we established a detailed cell atlas of the regenerating caudal fin in zebrafish larvae. We confirmed the presence of macrophage subsets that govern zebrafish fin regeneration, and identified a foxd3-positive cell population within the regenerating fin.

Chemical constituents from and their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities.

Phytochemical investigation of the whole plants of resulted in the isolation and identification of three new compounds (-), namely lycocernuaside E (), lycernuic ketone F (), and lycernuic B () and 12 known ones (-). Their chemical structures were established based on 1 D/2D NMR spectroscopic and HR-ESI-MS data analyses. Compounds , , and displayed NO inhibitory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, with IC values of 21.

Occurrence of foamy macrophages during the innate response of zebrafish to trypanosome infections.

A tightly regulated innate immune response to trypanosome infections is critical to strike a balance between parasite control and inflammation-associated pathology. In this study, we make use of the recently established infection model in larval zebrafish to study the early response of macrophages and neutrophils to trypanosome infections in vivo. We consistently identified high- and low-infected individuals and were able to simultaneously characterise their differential innate response.

Macrophage morphological plasticity and migration is Rac signalling and MMP9 dependant.

In vitro, depending on extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture, macrophages migrate either in amoeboid or mesenchymal mode; while the first is a general trait of leukocytes, the latter is associated with tissue remodelling via Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs). To assess whether these stereotyped migrations could be also observed in a physiological context, we used the zebrafish embryo and monitored macrophage morphology, behaviour and capacity to mobilise haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), as a final functional readout. Morphometric analysis identified 4 different cell shapes.

Damage-Induced Calcium Signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Macrophage Activation in Zebrafish.

Immediately after a wound, macrophages are activated and change their phenotypes in reaction to danger signals released from the damaged tissues. The cues that contribute to macrophage activation after wounding are still poorly understood. Calcium signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), mainly hydrogen peroxide, are conserved early wound signals that emanate from the wound and guide neutrophils within tissues up to the wound.

Development of a Cell Suspension Culture System for Promoting Alkaloid and Vinca Alkaloid Biosynthesis Using Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Local .

Cell and tissue cultures of have been studied extensively as an alternative strategy to improve the production of valuable secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to produce callus and suspension cell biomass of good quality and quantity to improve the total alkaloids and bis-indole alkaloids. The young stem derived-callus of variety Quang Ninh (QN) was grown on MS medium supplemented with 1.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprF plays a role in resistance to macrophage clearance during acute infection.

While considered an extracellular pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been reported to be engulfed by macrophages in cellular and animal models. However, the role of macrophages in P. aeruginosa clearance in vivo remains poorly studied.

New 3,4diterpene and coumarin derivative from the leaves of Gagnep.

Two new compounds named trigoflavidus A () and trigoflavidus B (), and eight known compounds, trigoflavidone (), heterophypene (), howpene C (), 3,4sonderianol (), trigonochinene C (), fraxidin (), isofraxidin (), and isofraxetin () were isolated from the leaves of Gagnep. by various chromatographic methods. Their chemical structures were elucidated via UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic methods and divided into two groups including six 3,4diterpenes (, -) and four coumarins (, -).

Effects of Qigong Exercise on Physical and Psychological Health among African Americans.

Interventions are needed to address physical and psychological health in middle-aged and older African Americans (AAs). The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of an eight-week Qigong exercise on physical ability and function, balance, frailty, depression and anxiety, and spiritual well-being in AAs using a single-group design. Fifteen AAs with a mean age of 64 years received Qigong exercise over 16 semi-weekly, one-hour sessions.

Pro-resolving mediator protectin D1 promotes epimorphic regeneration by controlling immune cell function in vertebrates.

Background And Purpose: Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are a family of lipids controlling the resolution of inflammation and playing a role in many processes including organ protection and tissue repair. While SPMs are potent bioactive molecules in vivo, their role in epimorphic regeneration of organs in vertebrates has not been tested. Using the zebrafish larva as a robust regenerative vertebrate system, we studied the role of the SPM neuroprotectin/protectin D1 (PD1) during the caudal fin fold regeneration.