Determinants of antibiotic prescribing in primary care in Vietnam: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Background: To formulate effective strategies for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in primary care, it is crucial to gain a thorough understanding of factors influencing prescribers' behavior within the context. This qualitative study utilizes the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to uncover these influential factors.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with primary care workers in two provinces in rural Vietnam.

Poly(malic acid) Nanoconjugates of Pyrazinoic Acid for Lung Delivery in the Treatment of Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global infection, and TB treatments could be improved by site-specific targeting with delivery systems that allow tissue and cell uptake. To increase the drug concentration at the target sites following lung delivery, polymeric nanoconjugates based on biodegradable poly(malic acid) were designed. Pyrazinoic acid (POA), the active moiety of pyrazinamide─a first-line antituberculosis drug─was covalently bound to poly(malic acid) using a hydrophobic linker at mole ratios of 25%, 50%, and 75%.

Unraveling C-Selective Ring-Opening of Phosphiranes with Carboxylic Acids and Other Nucleophiles: A Mechanistically-Driven Approach.

Phosphiranes are weak Lewis bases reacting with only a limited number of electrophiles to produce the corresponding phosphiranium ions. These salts are recognized for their propensity to undergo reactions with oxygen pronucleophiles at the phosphorus site, leading to the formation of phosphine oxide adducts. Building on a thorough mechanistic understanding, we have developed an unprecedented approach that enables the selective reaction of carboxylic acids, and other nucleophiles, at the carbon site of phosphiranes.

The crosstalk between copper-induced oxidative stress and cuproptosis: a novel potential anticancer paradigm.

Copper is a crucial trace element that plays a role in various pathophysiological processes in the human body. Copper also acts as a transition metal involved in redox reactions, contributing to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under prolonged and increased ROS levels, oxidative stress occurs, which has been implicated in different types of regulated cell death.

Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Can Tho, Vietnam: Clinical Characteristics, Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Risk Factors of Mortality.

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important pathogen in both community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia. S.

Absence of specific autoantibodies in patients with narcolepsy type 1 as indicated by an unbiased random peptide-displayed phage screening.

Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is an enigmatic sleep disorder characterized by the selective loss of neurons producing orexin (also named hypocretin) in the lateral hypothalamus. Although NT1 is believed to be an autoimmune disease, the orexinergic neuron-specific antigens targeted by the pathogenic immune response remain elusive. In this study, we evaluated the differential binding capacity of various peptides to serum immunoglobin G from patients with NT1 and other hypersomnolence complaints (OHCs).

Chromosomal dynamics in : comparative PLOP-FISH analysis of tandem repeats and flow cytometric nuclear genome size estimations.

Introduction: Tandem repeats (TRs) occur abundantly in plant genomes. They play essential roles that affect genome organization and evolution by inducing or generating chromosomal rearrangements such as duplications, deletions, inversions, and translocations. These impact gene expression and chromosome structure and even contribute to the emergence of new species.

Engineering homoeologs provide a fine scale for quantitative traits in polyploid.

Numerous staple crops exhibit polyploidy and are difficult to genetically modify. However, recent advances in genome sequencing and editing have enabled polyploid genome engineering. The hexaploid black nightshade species Solanum nigrum has immense potential as a beneficial food supplement.

Transition Metal-Free Regioselective Phosphonation of Pyridines: Scope and Mechanism.

Regioselective phosphonation of pyridines is an interesting transformation in synthesis and medicinal chemistry. We report herein a metal-free approach enabling access to various 4-phosphonated pyridines. The method consists of simply activating the pyridine ring with a Lewis acid (BF·OEt) to facilitate the nucleophilic addition of a phosphine oxide anion.

Personalized Medicine and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease that is often under-diagnosed and under-treated in all ages. This is due to differences in morphology, diversity in clinical phenotypes, and differences in diagnosis and treatment of OSA in children and adults, even among individuals of the same age. Therefore, a personalized medicine approach to diagnosis and treatment of OSA is necessary for physicians in clinical practice.

Balancing uncertainty and proactivity in care seeking for hepatitis C: qualitative research with participants enrolled in a treatment trial in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Purpose: Direct acting antiviral treatment to cure hepatitis C virus (HCV) is becoming more accessible yet the experiences of those accessing care and treatment and the contexts under which care seeking takes place are largely unknown in low- and middle-income countries. These experiences are important for insight into the challenges people encounter and the support/structures they utilize. The study objective was to explore the experiences of care seeking and treatment for participants enrolled in a clinical trial in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Preparation and Characterization of Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Nanocrystallite Coatings on 316L Stainless Steel.

The study on the coatings containing antimony-dope tin oxide mostly has been done on titanium and its alloys for preparation of electrode materials. In this study, we try to prepare the similar coatings on 316L stainless steel, which is more common than titanium, and investigate some characteristics of the formed coatings. The preparation of the coating is by the impregnation of the substrate in solution containing SnCl and SbCl with the ratio of 93/7, and the concentration of SbCl, 10 g/L in isopropanol, pH of 1-1.

Synergetic Effect of Dual Functional Monomers in Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Preparation for Selective Solid Phase Extraction of Ciprofloxacin.

Background: Ciprofloxacin (CIP), an important broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was often used as a template molecule for the preparation of imprinted materials. In this study, methacrylic acid and 2-vinylpyridine were employed for the first time as dual functional monomers for synthesizing ciprofloxacin imprinted polymers.

Methods: The chemical and physicochemical properties of synthesized polymers were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm.

Comparative FISH analysis of Senna tora tandem repeats revealed insights into the chromosome dynamics in Senna.

Background: DNA tandem repeats (TRs) are often abundant and occupy discrete regions in eukaryotic genomes. These TRs often cause or generate chromosomal rearrangements, which, in turn, drive chromosome evolution and speciation. Tracing the chromosomal distribution of TRs could therefore provide insights into the chromosome dynamics and speciation among closely related taxa.

Brothers in Arms: Structure, Assembly and Function of Nucleoprotein.

is a family of viruses harbouring important emerging pathogens belonging to the order. Like in other segmented negative strand RNA viruses, the nucleoprotein (NP) is a major actor of the viral life cycle being both (i) the necessary co-factor of the polymerase present in the L protein, and (ii) the last line of defence of the viral genome (vRNA) by physically hiding its presence in the cytoplasm. The NP is also one of the major players interfering with the immune system.

A Combination of Hemodialysis with Hemoperfusion Helped to Reduce the Cardiovascular-Related Mortality Rate after a 3-Year Follow-Up: A Pilot Study in Vietnam.

Aims: Moderate to severe hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid hormone [PTH] concentrations ≥600 pg/mL) may increase the risk of cardiovascular problems and bone disease. We assume that a combination of hemodialysis with hemoperfusion may reduce the cardiovascular-related mortality rate in maintenance hemodialysis.

Subjects And Methods: From 625 maintenance hemodialysis patients, 93 people met with our inclusion criteria.

Excessive radon-based radiation in indoor air caused by soil building materials in traditional homes on Đồng Văn karst plateau, northern Vietnam.

Radon-based radiation from natural soil building materials is an important factor likely influencing residents' health as a contributing source of natural radiation. This survey aims to quantify the nuclide-specific α-radiation of isotopes Rn and Rn in common types of houses in a region of northern Vietnam, Đồng Văn karst plateau, to preliminarily (i) evaluate the total annual effective dose rates and (ii) assess the relative risk of cancer induction from indoor α-radiation for inhabitants. The average Rn concentrations in all house types were lower than 100 Bq m, but Rn abundances were far higher than Rn, even up to >1000 Bq m in air close to a wall of unfired-soil bricks.

Optimization of the in vitro fertilization protocol for frozen epididymal sperm with low fertilization ability in Ban-A native Vietnamese pigs.

The aim of the present study was to improve the penetration during in vitro fertilization (IVF) of a frozen lot of epididymal sperm with a notoriously low fertilization ability of a Ban boar which is a native Vietnamese breed by optimizing different parameters of the IVF system. In Experiment 1, we determined that Pig-fertilization medium was superior medium to Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate-polyvinyl alcohol medium for IVF and defined the optimum the sperm concentration (1 × 10  sperm/ml). In Experiment 2, we clarified that partial removal of cumulus cells from cumulus-oocyte complexes by hyaluronidase treatment before IVF enhances sperm penetration, whereas complete cumulus removal reduces penetration.

Bacterial risk factors for treatment failure and relapse among patients with isoniazid resistant tuberculosis.

Background: Drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) is increasing in prevalence worldwide. Treatment failure and relapse is known to be high for patients with isoniazid resistant TB treated with standard first line regimens. However, risk factors for unfavourable outcomes and the optimal treatment regimen for isoniazid resistant TB are unknown.