Race/Ethnicity and Other Predictors of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the US Population.

Objectives: Among US adults aged 20 + years in the USA with previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we aimed to estimate the prevalence of early-onset T2DM (onset at age < 50.5 years) and to test associations between early-onset T2DM and race/ethnicity, and other hypothesized predictors.

Methods: We pooled data from the annual National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) over the years 2001 through 2018.

Retirement status and physical activity in US adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Influence of sex, race/ethnicity and acculturation level.

Aims: We aimed to assess the association between retirement status and recreational physical activity (rPA) in US adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while accounting for potential modification effects.

Methods: We extracted data from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used logistic regression models to evaluate the association between self-reported retirement status and high rPA (i.

Humero-femoral index and diabetes risk in the US population- a case study.

Background: The between-subject variability in diabetes risk persists in epidemiological studies, even after accounting for obesity. We investigated whether the humero-femoral index (HFI) was associated with prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and assessed the incremental value of HFI as a marker of T2DM.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018.

Canadians Adults Fail Their Dietary Quality Examination Twice.

For many years, dietary quality among Canadians has been assessed using an index that gives criticized scores and does not allow for comparison with Americans. In Canadians aged ≥19 years, we aimed to (1) determine the dietary quality by using a more widely used evidence-based index that has shown associations with health outcomes, the alternative Healthy Eating Index (aHEI-2010); (2) assess changes in aHEI-2010 score and its components between 2004 and 2015; and (3) identify factors associated with aHEI-2010 score. We relied on the Canadian Community Health Survey 2004 (n = 35,107) and 2015 (n = 20,487).

Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and glycemic control in older US adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with impaired glucose homeostasis. We aimed to examine associations of serum concentrations of PFAS with poor glycemic control (PGC) in US adults aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: We abstracted data from the 1999 to 2018 NHANES examination.

Difficult Decisions for Older Canadians Receiving Home Care, and Why They Are So Difficult: A Web-Based Decisional Needs Assessment.

Unlabelled: Older adults receiving home care services often face decisions related to aging, illness, and loss of autonomy. To inform tailored shared decision making interventions, we assessed their decisional needs by asking about the most common difficult decisions, measured associated decisional conflict, and identified factors associated with it. In March 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with a pan-Canadian Web-based panel of older adults (≥65 y) receiving home care services.

Prediction models of diabetes complications: a scoping review.

Background: Diabetes often places a large burden on people with diabetes (hereafter 'patients') and the society, that is, in part attributable to its complications. However, evidence from models predicting diabetes complications in patients remains unclear. With the collaboration of patient partners, we aimed to describe existing prediction models of physical and mental health complications of diabetes.

Integration of sex and gender in a continuing professional development course on diabetes and depression: a mixed methods feasibility study.

Objectives: Assess the feasibility and impact of a continuous professional development (CPD) course on type 2 diabetes and depression on health professionals' intention to include sex and gender considerations in patient care.

Design And Setting: In collaboration with CPD organisations and patient-partners, we conducted a mixed-methods feasibility controlled trial with postintervention measures in three Canadian provinces.

Participants: Of 178 eligible health professionals, 127 completed questionnaires and 67 participated in semistructured group discussions.

Web-Based Training for Nurses on Using a Decision Aid to Support Shared Decision-making About Prenatal Screening: Parallel Controlled Trial.

Background: Nurses play an important role in supporting pregnant women making decisions about prenatal screening for Down syndrome. We developed a web-based shared decision-making (SDM) training program for health professionals focusing on Down syndrome screening decisions.

Objective: In this study, we aim to assess the impact of an SDM training program on nurses' intention to use a decision aid with pregnant women deciding on prenatal screening for Down syndrome.

Impact of Fasting Status on the Use of Klotho as a Biomarker.

Background: Klotho is a protein secreted physiologically in humans. It acts like a hormone that regulates many biological processes. It is also a novel serological biomarker that is increasingly used as a predictive factor for several physiological and psychological conditions.

Lifetime Average Cannabis Use in Relation to Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype in U.S. Adults: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

With a growing number of states legalizing recreational or medical cannabis, prevalence of cannabis users is expected to markedly increase in the future. We aim to determine the association between lifetime cannabis use and the likelihood for hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW+/+) phenotype in U.S.

Predictive models of diabetes complications: protocol for a scoping review.

Background: Diabetes is a highly prevalent chronic disease that places a large burden on individuals and health care systems. Models predicting the risk (also called predictive models) of other conditions often compare people with and without diabetes, which is of little to no relevance for people already living with diabetes (called patients). This review aims to identify and synthesize findings from existing predictive models of physical and mental health diabetes-related conditions.

Impact of lifetime marijuana use on fasting plasma insulin levels and HOMA-IR score in obese adults with and without insulin resistance.

Aims: To explore the association of marijuana use with mean plasma fasting insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score in obese adults with different HOMA-IR.

Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a survey research program designed to assess the health and nutrition status of individuals in the United States and to track changes over time. We abstracted data from NHANES 2009-2016.

Lifetime marijuana use in relation to insulin resistance in lean, overweight, and obese US adults.

Background: Obese individuals are more likely to show insulin resistance (IR). However, limited population studies on marijuana use with markers of IR have yielded mixed results. The aim of this study was to examine the association of marijuana use with IR in US adults with different body mass index (BMI) status.

Caffeine and caffeine metabolites in relation to hypertension in U.S. adults.

Background/objectives: Most studies assessing the association between coffee consumption and hypertension ascertained caffeine intake in terms of number of cups per days, and yield mixed results. Although the inter-individuals variability in the caffeine metabolism is known, the relation of caffeine metabolites with hypertension remains unsettled. We examined the association of caffeine and 13 direct and indirect caffeine metabolites with hypertension in U.

Racial difference in preterm birth and low birthweight: Towards a new hypothesis involving the interaction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with maternal fat mass.

Preterm birth (PB) and low birthweight (LBW) remain a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Persistent racial disparities in prevalence rates have been reported, with the highest values observed in Subsaharan Africa and South Asia. In United States, non-Hispanic Black women are more likely to have a premature or low-birth-weight baby.

Early-life exposure to p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in South African children participating in the VHEMBE study: An assessment using repeated serum measurements and pharmacokinetic modeling.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides (including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT]) to fight malaria vectors in endemic countries. There is limited information on children's exposure to DDT in sprayed areas, and tools to estimate early-life exposure have not been thoroughly evaluated in this context.

Objectives: To document serum p,p'-DDT/E levels in 47 mothers and children participating in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE), a study conducted in an area where IRS insecticides are used annually, and to evaluate the precision and accuracy of a published pharmacokinetic model for the estimation of children's p,p'-DDT/E levels.

Early sexual experience and hypertension in US adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2016.

Objectives: We examined whether the early initiation of sexual activity is associated with hypertension in US adults, and whether the timing of first menstruation is meaningful in regard of this association. We also assessed the effect modification by ethnicity.

Methods: Using data from 2001 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we included 39 788 women.

Blood lead levels and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in middle-aged individuals.

Experimental and epidemiological studies suggested that exposure to lead (Pb) may influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, previous studies have yielded mixed results. We evaluated changes in basal salivary cortisol levels and acute cortisol responsivity to psychological stress in relation with blood Pb levels (BPb), in Caucasian individuals 50-67 years of age.

Quantitative bias analysis of a reported association between perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and endometriosis: The influence of oral contraceptive use.

An association between serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and endometriosis has recently been reported in an epidemiologic study. Oral contraceptive use to treat dysmenorrhea (pelvic pain associated with endometriosis) could potentially influence this association by reducing menstrual fluid loss, a route of excretion for PFAS. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of differential oral contraceptive use on the association between PFAS and endometriosis.

Low-Level Environmental Lead Exposure and Dysglycemia in Adult Individuals: Results from the Canadian Health and Measure Survey 2007-2011.

We aimed to evaluate the association of exposure to lead with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose levels (FGLs), and the likelihood for dysglycemia. We accessed data from Canada Health and Measures Survey. General linear models were used to estimate the association between blood lead concentrations (BPb) and both HbA1c and FGLs, while controlling for confounders.

STK39 and WNK1 Are Potential Hypertension Susceptibility Genes in the BELHYPGEN Cohort.

The serine/threonine kinase With-No-Lysine (K) Kinase 1 (WNK1) activates the thiazide-sensitive Na(+)/Cl(-) cotransporter through phosphorylation of STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase, another serine/threonine kinase encoded by STK39. The aim of this study was to look for association between WNK1 and STK39 gene variants, and blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. Seven hundred seventy-nine Caucasian hypertensive patients (HYP) recruited in 6 academic centers from Belgium, and 906 normotensive (NT) controls were genotyped for 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms-rs3754777, rs6749447, rs35929607 (STK39), rs1468326, and rs765250 (WNK1)-using the Snapshot method.

Failure to Return for Posttest Counseling and HIV Test Results at the Prevention and Voluntary Testing and Counseling Centers of Douala, Cameroon: An Evaluation of a Routine Five-Year Program.

This study examined the magnitude and time trends in failure to return (FTR) rates and the relation between FTR and individual characteristics, tests procedures, waiting period for the results, and HIV test results among people who were screened for HIV in the prevention and voluntary testing and counseling centers (PVTCCs) of six district hospitals of the city of Douala in Cameroon, between January 2009 and December 2013. It was a retrospective analysis of medical records. Among the 32,020 analyzed records, the failure to return (FTR) rate was 14.