Background: Contact lens discomfort is a symptom-based clinical diagnosis that affects 13% to 75% of contact lens wearers. The Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society defines contact lens discomfort as "a condition characterized by episodic or persistent adverse ocular sensations related to lens wear either with or without visual disturbance, resulting from reduced compatibility between the lens and ocular environment, which can lead to decreased wearing time and discontinuation from lens wear." Signs of the condition include conjunctival hyperemia, corneal and conjunctival staining, altered blinking patterns, lid wiper epitheliopathy, and meibomian gland dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSignificance: Dry eye sufferers have a highly irregular corneal epithelial surface compared with those without dry eye. This study demonstrated that corneal epithelial thickness irregularity can be significantly reduced after as little as 48 hours following treatment with regular use of topical ocular lubricants.
Purpose: This study aimed to compare changes in corneal epithelial thickness irregularity factor (EIF) and ocular symptoms in a population with symptoms of dry eye before and up to 4 weeks after treatment with two commercially available lubricating eye drops versus saline.
Purpose: To compare blinking measured in situ during various tasks and examine relationships with ocular surface symptoms. The day-to-day repeatability of the blink rate and interblink interval was assessed.
Methods: Twenty-four students (28.
Purpose: Baseline ocular surface characteristics in children require investigation. This study characterised blinking and relationships with ocular symptoms, tear film and digital device use.
Methods: 45 children aged 6-15 years (56% female) participated in a cross-sectional study.
Purpose: Smartphone use by children is rising rapidly, but its ocular surface impact is unknown. This study examined the effect of smartphone use on blinking, symptoms, and tear function in children.
Methods: Prospective intervention study where 36 children aged 6-15years (14 M:22 F) played games on a smartphone continuously for one hour.
Purpose: Many dry eye questionnaires are available, but these may not be suitable for paediatric eye care. The feasibility of use and repeatability of symptom questionnaires administered to children was examined.
Methods: Participants aged 6-15 years (n = 62; 25M:37F; 40% male) completed six questionnaires twice in random order at a single visit: Symptoms assessment in dry eye (SANDE), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), numerical rating scale (NRS), ocular comfort index (OCI, n = 30), dry eye questionnaire 5 (DEQ-5) and the instant ocular symptoms survey (IOSS).
: Smartphone use is now ubiquitous and is associated with a range of ocular and visual symptoms. However, little is known about the etiology of the symptoms which accompany smartphone use and the relative contribution of accommodation/vergence versus that of the ocular surface and of blinking. This study examined the effects of 60 min reading on a smartphone on ocular symptoms, binocular vision, tear function, blinking and working distance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: A review of ocular surface and meta-analysis of tear stability (tear break up time, TBUT) and tear secretion (Schirmer test) values in healthy children was conducted.
Methods: Articles published between 1996 and 2017 indexed on MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar were retrieved using defined search terms. Statistical analysis (including sensitivity analysis and meta-regression) was performed.