Ifanosine: Olea europaea L. and Hyphaene thebaica L. combination, from traditional utilization to rational formulation: Preclinical and clinical efficacy on hypertensives patients.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Olea europaea L. and Hyphaene thebaica L. are commonly employed by traditional healers in Africa for treating and preventing hypertension, either individually or in a polyherbal preparation (Ifanosine).

Preussiate, a new urease inhibitory chalcone from Pax.

The phytochemical investigation of the aqueous methanolic extract of the aerial parts of led to the isolation of a new chalcone preussiate () along with 10 other compounds including xanthomicrol (), cholestan-3-one (), arjunolic acid (), tormentic acid (), ursolic acid (), betulin (, lupeol (), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (), isovanillin () and vanillic acid (), being reported for the first time from this plant. Their structures were established by spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR spectroscopy. All the isolates were subjected to the biological screening but only showed antioxidant and urease inhibitory properties.

New secondary metabolites and volatile constituents from the leaves of Linn.

The phytochemical investigation on the ethanolic extract of the leaves of (syn. ) has led to the isolation of a new alkaloid, diazovirid or 1,1-(diazeno1,2-diyl) (ethane-1,2-diol) () and 2-hydroxy-D-glucal or (2 , 3, 4)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (), reported for the first time as a natural product. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses.

Syzyguim guineense Extracts Show Antioxidant Activities and Beneficial Activities on Oxidative Stress Induced by Ferric Chloride in the Liver Homogenate.

The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging property and the beneficial effects of extracts of various parts of Syzygium guineense in reducing oxidative stress damage in the liver. The effects of extracts on free radicals were determined on radicals DPPH, ABTS, NO and OH followed by the antioxidant properties using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP) and hosphomolybdenum (PPMB). The phytochemical screening of these extracts was performed by determination of the phenolic content.

Two new aromatic acids from Clerodendrum formicarum Gurke (Lamiaceae) of Cameroon.

The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Clerodendrum formicarum, a Lameacious plant of Cameroon, afforded two new salicylic acid derivatives named formoic acids A and B along with four known constituents which have been obtained for the first time from this source. They include flemingipanic acid, martynoside, verbascoside, and seguinoside K. Structures of all the isolated constituents have been elucidated with the aid of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques.

Formadienoate-A and B: two new long chained feruloyl esters from Clerodendrum formicarum (Lamiaceae) of Cameroon.

The ethanol extract of the leaves of Clerodendrum formicarum Gürke, a Lameacious plant of Cameroon, afforded two new long-chained esters named formadienoate-A (1) and B (2) along with two known constituents which have been obtained for the first time from C. formicarum. They include: hexacosyl-(E)-ferulate (3) and 26-hydroxyhexacosyl-(E)-ferulate (4).

Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of prenylated xanthones from twigs of Garcinia staudtii.

Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the twigs of Garcinia staudtii yielded four new prenylated xanthones, staudtiixanthones A-D (1-4), along with eleven known compounds. Their structures were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and by comparison of spectroscopic data with those previously reported. Some of these compounds have been evaluated for antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Induction of neuronal differentiation in neurosphere stem cells by ellagic acid derivatives.

A bioassay-guided fractionation of methanol extracts of stem barks, combined with screening based on Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-responsive neural stem cells (erNSCs) differentiation assay, has been used. This study resulted in the isolation of 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid 1, 3,3'-di-O-methyl ellagic acid-4-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside 2, ellagic acid 3, and arjunolic acid 4. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit potent induction of neuronal differentiation in neurosphere stem cells with no cytotoxic effect.

Antimicrobial dihydroisocoumarins from Crassocephalum biafrae.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the CHCl (3)-soluble extract of the stem bark of Crassocephalum biafrae (Asteraceae) resulted in the isolation of three new dihydroisocoumarins, named biafraecoumarins A ( 1), B ( 2), and C ( 3); two known triterpenes ( 4 and 5); and a known ceramide ( 6). The structures of the new compounds were established as 7-but-15-enyl-6,8-dihydroxy-3( R)-penta-9,11-dienylisochroman-1-one ( 1), 7-butyl-6,8-dihydroxy-3( R)-penta-9,11-dienylisochroman-1-one ( 2), and 7-butyl-6,8-dihydroxy-3( R)-pent-10-enylisochroman-1-one ( 3) using spectroscopic data. Compounds 1- 3 exhibit low to significant antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas picketti, Trichphyton longifusus, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata.

Antimicrobial pentacyclic triterpenoids from Terminalia superba.

Antibacterial bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of the stem bark of Terminalia superba led to the isolation of four new triterpene glucosides (1-4) which were characterized as 2 alpha,3 beta-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 2 alpha,3 beta, 21 beta-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 2 alpha,3 beta, 29-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 2 alpha,3 beta,23,27-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4) together with the known triterpene 2 alpha,3 beta,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (5). Structures were established by spectroscopic methods including one- and two-dimensional NMR, EI-MS and HR-EI-MS. The antibacterial activity of 1-5 was also investigated against two gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), and four gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Shigella flexenari, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi) bacterial strains.

Triprenylated flavonoids from Dorstenia psilurus and their alpha-glucosidase inhibition properties.

Six new unusual C-4'-prenylated flavonols, dorsilurins F-K (1-6), together with six known compounds were isolated from the roots of Dorstenia psilurus, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. The isolated compounds exhibited moderate to low alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Dorsilurin F (1), with three unmodified prenyl groups, was the most active, while dorsilurin K (6), with only one unmodified prenyl group, was the least active compound.

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Garcinia brevipedicellata (Clusiaceae).

In our continuous search for alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from plants, four new depsidones named brevipsidones A-D (1-4) were isolated from stem bark of Garcinia brevipedicellata together with known damnacanthal, scopoletin and a mixture of stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol. Structural elucidations were made by spectroscopic analyses including 2D-NMR data.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors ellagic acid derivatives with immunoinhibitory properties from Terminalia superba.

Fractionation of stem barks of Terminalia superba yielded two new ellagic acid derivatives, 3,4'-di-O-methylellagic acid 3'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (1) and 4'-O-galloy-3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid 4-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (2) together with known 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid, ellagic acid and 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside. Compounds (1) and (2) showed significant alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity and possessed significant immunoinhibitory activities with no cytotoxic effects.

Bioactive aristolactams from Piper umbellatum.

Four alkaloids named piperumbellactams A-D (1-4) were isolated from branches of Piper umbellatum together with known N-hydroxyaristolam II (5), N-p-coumaroyl tyramine (6), 4-nerolidylcatechol (7), N-trans-feruloyltyramine, E-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-2-[4-hydroxyphenylethyl]-2-propenamide, beta-amyrin, friedelin, apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, acacetin 6-C-beta-d-glucopyranoside, beta-sitosterol, its 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside and its 3-O-beta-d-[6'-dodecanoyl]-glucopyranoside. Glycosidase inhibition, antioxidant and antifungal activities of these compounds were evaluated. Compounds 1-3 showed moderate alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition with IC50 values 98.

Further cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus mollis KUNTH.

Three new sesquiterpene lactones, (4betaH)-5alpha-hydroxy-8alpha-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-2-oxo-1(10),11(13)-guaiadien-12,6alpha-olide (1), (4betaH)-8alpha-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-2-oxo-1(5),10(14),11(13)-guaiatrien-12,6alpha-olide (2) and 2,5-epoxy-2beta-hydroxy-4alpha-methoxy-8alpha-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-4(15),10(14),11(13)-germacratrien-12,6alpha-olide (3), have been isolated from roots and stems of Elephantopus mollis together with two known sesquiterpene lactones (4, 5). The identification of the isolates was accomplished by spectroscopic methods. Compounds (1-5) exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against mouse neuroblastoma B104 cells.

Leishmanicidal and cholinesterase inhibiting activities of phenolic compounds from Allanblackia monticola and Symphonia globulifera.

In a preliminary antiprotozoal screening of several Clusiaceae species, the methanolic extracts of Allanblackia monticola and Symphonia globulifera showed high in vitro leishmanicidal activity. Further bioguided phytochemical investigation led to the isolation of four benzophenones: guttiferone A (1), garcinol (2), cambogin (3) and guttiferone F (4), along with three xanthones: allanxanthone A (5), xanthone V1 (6) and globulixanthone C (7) as active constituents. Compounds 1 and 6 were isolated from S.

Antimicrobial prenylated anthracene derivatives from the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis.

Three new prenylated anthranoids, harunmadagascarins C (1) and D (2) and kenganthranol D (3), together with three known compounds (4-6) were isolated from the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis. Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic methods and by comparison with literature data. In the three new natural products 1-3, one or two prenyl groups are incorporated in furan, pyran, or cyclohexane rings in four different modes of annulation.

Anti-plasmodial and antioxidant activities of constituents of the seed shells of Symphonia globulifera Linn f.

A xanthone derivative, named gaboxanthone (1), has been isolated from the seed shells of Symphonia globulifera, together with known compounds, symphonin (2), globuliferin (3), guttiferone A (4), sistosterol, oleanolic acid and methyl citrate. The structure of the compound was assigned as 5,10-dihydroxy-8,9-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-12-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) pyrano [3,2-b]xanthen-6(2H)-one, by means of spectroscopic analysis. The anti-plasmodial and antioxidant activities of the phenolic compounds were evaluated, respectively, in culture against W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum and using the free radical scavenging activity of the DPPH radical, respectively.