Synergistic effects of butyrate-producing bacteria (Clostridium senegalense I5 or Paraclostridium benzoelyticum G5) and Gracilaria lemaneiformis-originated polysaccharides on the growth and immunity of rabbitfish.

This study evaluated the synergistic effects of dietary butyrate-producing bacteria (Clostridium senegalense I5 (I5) and Paraclostridium benzoelyticum G5 (G5) and Gracilaria lemaneiformis-derived polysaccharide (GLP) in rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus). Both bacterial strains demonstrated high susceptibility to most antibiotics, salt tolerance up to 6.5 %, pH tolerance ranging from 2 to 10, and strong auto-aggregation abilities.

Effects of dietary probiotic ( I9, G15, or X13) on growth, digestive enzyme activities, immunity, and intestinal microbiota of Pacific white shrimp ().

Pacific white shrimp () is one of the most productive and economically important species globally. However, the development and continuous expansion of the farming scale led to an increase in the risk of disease occurrence in shrimp farming. The application of probiotics as an effective method for controlling diseases in aquaculture has been widely considered.

Exosome-mediated viral nucleic acid presentation in a crustacean expounds innate immunity from a novel perspective.

Unlabelled: As an enduring hot topic in the field of innate immunity, apoptosis is widely considered an effective approach to eliminate pathogenic microbes and plays a crucial role during host-pathogen interactions. Recently, researchers have found that the virus-containing host cells could transmit apoptotic signals to the surrounding uninfected cells during infection, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that exosomes secreted by WSSV-infected mud crab hemocytes contain viral nucleic acid wsv277, which could be transported to the recipient cells and further expressed viral protein with phosphokinase activity.

Rapidly evolving genome and epigenome editing technologies.

Genome editing technologies are rapidly evolving, from the early zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR-Cas9 (Figure 1, initial genome editing technologies), which generate double-strand breaks (DSBs), to base editing, which makes precise nucleobase conversion without inducing DSBs, and prime editing, which can carry out all types of edits without DSBs or donor DNA templates. The emergence of these revolutionary technologies offers us unprecedented opportunities for biomedical research and therapy development.

In vivo CRISPR/Cas9-mediated screen reveals a critical function of TFDP1 and E2F4 transcription factors in hematopoiesis.

Hematopoiesis is a continuous process of blood cell production driven by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow. Proliferation and differentiation of HSPCs are regulated by complex transcriptional networks. In order to identify transcription factors with key roles in HSPC-mediated hematopoietic reconstitution, we developed an efficient and robust CRISPR/Cas9-based in vivo genetic screen.

Barriers in providing maternal health care services in a mountainous area.

Purpose: While programs had been implemented by both the government and non-governmental organizations to address inequity in maternal health care in mountainous areas in Vietnam, the expected outcomes were not fully reached due to existing barriers from health workers mainly providing the health services. This study explores prominent issues faced by health workers in delivering maternal care in Cao Bang, focusing on their impact on the local population's daily lives and overall development.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with 15 participants working as health managers, commune health workers, commune midwives, and village health workers in selected communes of a mountainous and border district located in the Northeast Cao Bang province.

Virtual Remote Pathology Education in Support of Virtual Remote Gynecologic-Oncology Training: The Open Pathology Education Network Pilot Proof of Concept Experience.

Context.—: The subspecialty workforce in pathology globally is inadequate for the demands of many modern therapies. The Open Pathology Education Network (OPEN) was formed to augment the global pathology workforce.

Spätzle maintains homeostasis of hemolymph microbiota in Scylla paramamosain through Toll2.

The Toll pathway is crucial for innate immune responses in organisms (including Drosophila and mammals). The Spätzle protein outside of cells acts as a ligand for Toll receptors, enabling the transfer of signals from outside the cell to the inside. However, the function of Spätzle in the immune system of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) remains unclear.

Corrigendum: Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 is a therapeutic vulnerability in multiple myeloma.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.

Exosomes drive ferroptosis by stimulating iron accumulation to inhibit bacterial infection in crustaceans.

Ferroptosis, characterized by iron-dependent cell death, has recently emerged as a critical defense mechanism against microbial infections. The present study aims to investigate the involvement of exosomes in the induction of ferroptosis and the inhibition of bacterial infection in crustaceans. Our findings provide compelling evidence for the pivotal role of exosomes in the immune response of crustaceans, wherein they facilitate intracellular iron accumulation and activate the ferroptotic pathways.

Changes in Hemolymph Microbiota of Chinese Mitten Crab () in Response to or Infection.

The Chinese mitten crab () has significant economic potential in both the Chinese domestic and global markets. The hemolymph microbiota is known to play a critical role in regulating physiological and biochemical functions in crustaceans. However, the study of the hemolymph microbiota of in response to infections has not been undertaken.

Lipid nanocarrier targeting activated macrophages for antiretroviral therapy of HIV reservoir.

To develop lipid nano-antiretrovirals (LNAs) for the treatment of HIV-infected macrophages. LNAs were prepared with docosahexaenoic acid to facilitate brain penetration and surface-decorated with folate considering that infected macrophages often overexpress folate receptors. Folate-decorated LNAs loading rilpivirine (RPV) were efficiently taken up by folate receptor-expressing cell types including activated macrophages.

Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the high ability to synthesize fatty acids in "yellow oil" mud crab (Scylla paramamosain).

Yellow oil mud crab (YOC) is a new variant of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain), which was attracted much attention in recent years due to its high level of nutrition. However, the nutritive values and the physiological changes in YOC have not been clearly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify the nutrient compositions (including total carotenoid content (TCC), total lipid content (TLC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and fatty acids) and differences in genes related to the biosynthesis of fatty acids using transcriptome analysis in YOC in comparison with those of normal mud crabs.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 is a therapeutic vulnerability in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a devastating plasma cell malignancy characterized by the expansion of aberrant monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to severe clinical manifestations and poor prognosis, particularly in relapsed/refractory cases. Identifying novel therapeutic targets is crucial to improve treatment outcomes in these patients. In this study, we investigated the role of the protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) in MM pathogenesis and explored its potential as a therapeutic target.

Large-scale lysine crotonylation analysis reveals the role of TRAF6-Ecsit complex in endoplasmic reticulum stress in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain).

Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a newly discovered type of post-translational modification. Although Kcr has been reported in several species, its role in crustaceans remains largely unknown. In this study, Kcr in hemocytes of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) was characterized using pan anti-crotonyllysine antibody enrichment and high-resolution liquid chromatogram-mass spectrometry analysis after SpTRAF6 or SpEcsit silencing.

Identification and Characterization of a Potential Probiotic, Clostridium butyricum G13, Isolated from the Intestine of the Mud Crab (Scylla paramamosain).

The butyrate-producing bacterium Clostridium butyricum has been proven to be important in improving the growth and health benefits of aquatic animals. In this study, C. butyricum G13 was isolated for the first time from the gut of the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain).

Flow Disturbance Characterization of Highly Filled Thermoset Injection Molding Compounds behind an Obstacle and in a Spiral Flow Part.

In the injection molding process, weld line regions occur when a molten polymer flow front is first separated and then rejoined. The position, length, and angle of weld lines are dependent on the gate location, injection speed, injection pressure, mold temperature, and, especially, the direction and degree of the polymer melt velocity in the mold-filling process. However, the wall surface velocity of the thermoset melt in the mold-filling process is not zero, which is not found for thermoplastic injection molding.

Effects of dietary supplementation of Gracilaria lemaneiformis-derived sulfated polysaccharides on the growth, antioxidant capacity, and innate immunity of rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus).

The dietary supplementation of red seaweed-derived polysaccharides has been shown to be beneficial to fish and shellfish aquaculture. However, the function of red seaweed (Gracilaria lemaneiformis)-extracted polysaccharide (GLP) on the health status of rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) is still unknown. This study explored the influences of GLP on growth performance, antioxidant activity, and immunity of rabbitfish.

Querying Recombination Junctions of Replication-Competent Adeno-Associated Viruses in Gene Therapy Vector Preparations with Single Molecule, Real-Time Sequencing.

Clinical-grade preparations of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors used for gene therapy typically undergo a series of diagnostics to determine titer, purity, homogeneity, and the presence of DNA contaminants. One type of contaminant that remains poorly investigated is replication-competent (rc)AAVs. rcAAVs form through recombination of DNA originating from production materials, yielding intact, replicative, and potentially infectious virus-like virions.

In vitro fermentation of Gracilaria lemaneiformis and its sulfated polysaccharides by rabbitfish gut microbes.

This study intended to characterize the Gracilaria lemaneiformis (SW)-derived polysaccharide (GLP) and explore the fermentation aspects of SW and GLP by rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) intestinal microbes. The GLP was mainly composed of galactose and anhydrogalactose (at 2.0:0.

Movement disorders in Indochina: Resource challenges and future solutions.

Movement disorders are a major cause of disability worldwide and their increasing prevalence predicts a substantial future burden of care. Impactful patient care requires availability of, and accessibility to, effective medications, knowledge, and disease awareness among both medical professionals and patients, driven by skilled personnel to harness and manage resources. The highest burden of movement disorders is in low-to-middle income countries where resources are often limited and infrastructure is insufficient to meet growing demands.

SpTNF regulates apoptosis and antimicrobial peptide synthesis in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) during white spot syndrome virus infection.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an inflammatory cytokine that is important in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and death. However, the functions of TNF in the innate immune responses of invertebrates have been less studied. In this study, SpTNF was cloned and characterized from mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) for the first time.

Langbiangia, a new genus of Gesneriaceae endemic to Langbiang Plateau, southern Vietnam and a taxonomic endeavor to achieve key targets of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.

Situated in the southern end of the Annamite Mountain Range, Langbiang Plateau is a major biodiversity hotspot of southern Vietnam known for high species diversity and endemicity. To achieve effective conservation, parts of the plateau were designated as the Langbiang Biosphere Reserve, an UNESCO World Network aiming to improve relationships between inhabitants and their environments. Amongst the rich endemic flora of the plateau are three gesneriads ascribed to Primulina, a calciphilous genus with high species diversity in the vast limestone karsts stretching from southern China to northern Vietnam.

Application of a Spacer-nick Gene-targeting Approach to Repair Disease-causing Mutations with Increased Safety.

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful tool for gene repair that holds great potential for gene therapy to cure monogenic diseases. Despite intensive improvement, the safety of this system remains a major clinical concern. In contrast to Cas9 nuclease, Cas9 nickases with a pair of short-distance (38-68 bp) PAM-out single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) preserve gene repair efficiency while strongly reducing off-target effects.