Obturator Hernia: Report of a Rare Case.

Obturator hernia, an uncommon type of abdominal wall hernia, predominantly occurs in elderly, multiparous women and often presents with nonspecific symptoms. The preoperative diagnosis of obturator hernia is particularly challenging due to its vague clinical manifestations. The clinical picture consists of intestinal blockage, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Maintenance and Evaluation of Wolbachia Male-Killers of Dipterans.

As research on Wolbachia male-killers of dipterans increases over time, several standard methods have emerged for the validation and characterization of these Wolbachia strains. Here, we describe typical steps for maintenance and evaluation of male-killers in the laboratory. Drosophila that host Wolbachia male-killers include both mushroom-feeders and flies reared on standard media, which require different maintenance protocols.