Application and validation of a biotic ligand model for calculating acute toxicity of lead to Moina dubia in lakes of Hanoi, Vietnam.

It is increasingly being recognized that biotic ligand models (BLMs) can successfully predict the toxicity of divalent metals toward aquatic biota applied to temperate freshwater ecosystems. However, studies on the eutrophic lakes in tropical regions toward native tropical organisms, including Moina, are relatively limited. In this study, Moina dubia, the native organism of the Hanoi eutrophic urban lakes, were used in toxicological studies of lead (Pb); 24-h EC value of Pb was 523.