Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of tuberculous tenosynovitis of the hand and wrist.

: Vietnam is endemic with tuberculosis (TB), which is highly prevalent in the community. TB tenosynovitis of the wrist and hand is uncommon. Because of its insidious progression and atypical presentations, it is often difficult to diagnose, leading to treatment delays.

Rise in alanine aminotransferase after HCV treatment is a highly sensitive screen for treatment failure.

Nucleic acid testing to confirm sustained virological response (SVR) after HCV therapy is technical, often expensive, and frequently unavailable where disease prevalence is highest. Alternative surrogate biomarkers merit evaluation. In a short-treatment trial in Vietnam (SEARCH-1; n = 52) we analysed how changes in alanine transaminase (ΔALT) and aspartate transaminase (ΔAST), from end of treatment (EOT) to EOT + 12 weeks, related to SVR, defined as HCV RNA < lower limit of quantification 12 weeks after EOT.

Thyroid papillary cancer elements arising from struma ovarii with benign peritoneal strumosis: Utility of iodine-123 imaging in diagnostics and treatment planning.

Key Clinical Message: In this case of struma ovarii a right-sided ovarian mass contained features of papillary thyroid cancer. Diagnostic iodine-123 revealed multiple foci of extraovarian spread, likely as a manifestation of concomitant peritoneal strumosis. Unilateral oophorectomy, partial peritonectomy, and adjuvant iodine-131 treatment were performed for successful curative treatment.

Efficacy of ultra-short, response-guided sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy for hepatitis C in a single-arm mechanistic pilot study.

Background: World Health Organization has called for research into predictive factors for selecting persons who could be successfully treated with shorter durations of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C. We evaluated early virological response as a means of shortening treatment and explored host, viral and pharmacokinetic contributors to treatment outcome.

Methods: Duration of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir (SOF/DCV) was determined according to day 2 (D2) virologic response for HCV genotype (gt) 1- or 6-infected adults in Vietnam with mild liver disease.

THE DIVERSITY OF CERCARIAE FROM FRESHWATER SNAILS IN LOWLAND AREAS OF BINH DINH AND PHU YEN PROVINCES, VIETNAM.

A survey was conducted in the lowland areas of Binh Dinh and Phu Yen provinces in south central Vietnam to study the diversity of digenean cercariae within freshwater snails. These regions are known as highly endemic areas for the transmission of liver flukes, Fasciola spp. and Opisthorchis viverrini.

Active pulmonary tuberculosis in a patient with secukinumab treatment.

Numerous investigations have documented active tuberculosis (TB) infection following biologic treatment. One of the most secure biologic medications for infections is secukinumab. Additionally, no cases of active TB while receiving secukinumab therapy were recorded.

Clinical Management of Interproximal and Occlusal Caries in Children and Adolescents by Canadian Dentists: A Survey.

Purpose: Early restorative interventions may have important implications in young patients, and the International Caries Classification and Management System strongly recommends non-surgical strategies in the management of dental caries. We aimed to assess management of interproximal and occlusal caries in children and adolescents (≤18 years of age) by Canadian dentists.

Methods: An electronic survey was created and sent to members of Canadian provincial regulatory dental bodies.

An Experimental and Clinically Controlled Study of the Prevention of Dental Caries Using 1.23% Fluoride Gel in Elderly Patients.

Aim: To describe the enamel and dentin fluoride mineralization process in practical application and assess the fluoride gel (NaF 1.23%) effectiveness in dental caries prevention for elderly patients.

Materials And Methods: Two different types of study were applied: (a) experimental study of fluoride mineralization of enamel and dentin ; (b) clinical controlled interventional studies of the effectiveness in dental caries prevention using 1.

Molecular Genetics, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment Outcomes of K-Channel Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in Vietnam National Children's Hospital.

Background: Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is defined as insulin-requiring persistent hyperglycemia occurring within the first 6 months of life, which can result from mutations in at least 25 different genes. Activating heterozygous mutations in genes encoding either of the subunits of the ATP-sensitive K channel (K channel; or ) of the pancreatic beta cell are the most common cause of permanent NDM and the second most common cause of transient NDM. Patients with NDM caused by K channel mutations are sensitive to sulfonylurea (SU) treatment; therefore, their clinical management can be improved by replacing insulin with oral agents.

High Cure Rates for Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 6 in Advanced Liver Fibrosis With 12 Weeks Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir: The Vietnam SEARCH Study.

Background: Genotype 6 is the most genetically diverse lineage of hepatitis C virus, and it predominates in Vietnam. It can be treated with sofosbuvir with daclatasvir (SOF/DCV), the least expensive treatment combination globally. In regional guidelines, longer treatment durations of SOF/DCV (24 weeks) are recommended for cirrhotic individuals, compared with other pangenotypic regimens (12 weeks), based on sparse data.

A tightly clustered hepatitis E virus genotype 1a is associated with endemic and outbreak infections in Bangladesh.

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is endemic in Bangladesh and there are occasional outbreaks. The molecular characteristics and pathogenesis of endemic and outbreak HEV strains are poorly understood. We compared the genetic relatedness and virulence associated mutations of endemic HEV strains with outbreak strains.

Application of ImageJ Software for the Quantification of Hand Joint Space Narrowing in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Background: ImageJ software is used to quantify the joint space width (JSW) of hand and wrist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as in the healthy control group.

Methods: Forty-one RA patients and 31 healthy controls were included in this study. All of 72 participants underwent digital radiography of the bilateral hand and wrist; then, all the images were opened by ImageJ software to measure the width of wrist and hand joint space (total 2160 joints).

Identification of three novel mutations in PCNT in vietnamese patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II.

Background: Primordial dwarfism (PD) is a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders related to developmental disabilities occurring in the uterus and prolongs during all stages of life, resulting in short stature, facial deformities and abnormal brain.

Objective: To determine the exact cause of the disease in two Vietnamese patients priory diagnosed with PD by severe pre-and postnatal growth retardation with marked microcephaly and some bone abnormalities.

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed for the two patients and mutations in genes related to PD were screened.

Five monogenean species (Allodiscocotylidae, Heteromicrocotylidae, Microcotylidae) from the Pacific seabream Acanthopagrus pacificus (Perciformes: Sparidae) in the Gulf of Tonkin off Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species.

A total of 52 specimens of the Pacific seabream Acanthopagrus pacificus Iwatsuki, Kume et Yoshino from the Gulf of Tonkin off Vietnam were examined for monogeneans. Twenty fish were parasitised by 101 individuals of five monogenean species, including two known species Allodiscocotyla diacanthi Unnithan, 1962 and Heterapta chorinemi (Tripathi, 1956), as well as three new species, Polylabroides tienyenensis sp. n.

Whole Exome Sequencing as a Diagnostic Tool for Unidentified Muscular Dystrophy in a Vietnamese Family.

Muscular dystrophies are a group of heterogeneous clinical and genetic disorders. Two siblings presented with characteristics like muscular dystrophy, abnormal white matter, and elevated serum creatine kinase level. The high throughput of whole exome sequencing (WES) makes it an efficient tool for obtaining a precise diagnosis without the need for immunohistochemistry.

De novo Mutations in Vietnamese Patients with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome.

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare congenital genetic disease causing abnormal unique facial phenotypes, several defects in organs and body parts, and mental disorder or intellectual disorder traits. Main causes of CdLS have been reported as variants in cohesin complex genes, in which mutations in the gene have been estimated to account for up to 80%. Our study included three Vietnamese patients with typical CdLS phenotypes.

Differential prevalence and geographic distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in acute and chronic hepatitis C patients in Vietnam.

Background: The highest burden of disease from hepatitis C virus (HCV) is found in Southeast Asia, but our understanding of the epidemiology of infection in many heavily burdened countries is still limited. In particular, there is relatively little data on acute HCV infection, the outcome of which can be influenced by both viral and host genetics which differ within the region. We studied HCV genotype and IL28B gene polymorphism in a cohort of acute HCV-infected patients in Southern Vietnam alongside two other cohorts of chronic HCV-infected patients to better understand the epidemiology of HCV infection locally and inform the development of programs for therapy with the increasing availability of directly acting antiviral therapy (DAAs).

Teaching Silver Diamine Fluoride in U.S. Dental Schools' Predoctoral Curricula.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF), a low-cost topical agent used in many countries to arrest dental caries, was cleared as a desensitizing agent by the Food & Drug Administration for the U.S. market in 2014.

Education About Dental Erosion in U.S. and Canadian Dental Schools.

Dental erosion (DE) is a well-accepted multifactorial form of tooth wear involving acids. Due to its irreversible nature, recognizing the early signs is important to develop appropriate preventive strategies. However, its place in dental curricula remains unclear.

Five-year success rate of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures: A systematic review.

Objectives: To assess and compare the 5-year success rate of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) fabricated from different materials.

Methods: An electronic search on 3 databases from January 1965 to March of 2017 was done for human randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and prospective and retrospective cohort studies. The key words used in the search were: Bridge OR bridges OR fixed partial OR fixed dental AND resin bonded OR Maryland OR ceramic bonded.

Risk factors for transmission of Typhi in Mahama refugee camp, Rwanda: a matched case-control study.

Introduction: In early October 2015, the health facility in Mahama, a refugee camp for Burundians, began to record an increase in the incidence of a disease characterized by fever, chills and abdominal pain. The investigation of the outbreak confirmed Typhi as the cause. A case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for the disease.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of hygiene and sanitation in a Burundian refugee camp: implications for control of a Salmonella typhi outbreak.

Introduction: A outbreak was reported in a Burundian refugee camp in Rwanda in October 2015. Transmission persisted despite increased hygiene promotion activities and hand-washing facilities instituted to prevent and control the outbreak. A knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of ongoing typhoid fever preventive interventions.

A population-based national estimate of the prevalence and risk factors associated with hypertension in Rwanda: implications for prevention and control.

Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and a growing public health problem in many developed and developing countries. However, population-based data to inform policy development are scarce in Rwanda. This nationally representative study aimed to determine population-based estimates of the prevalence and risk factors associated with hypertension in Rwanda.