Effect of Structural Deficiencies on Bi-Ferroic Behaviors of Lead-Free Bi NaKTiO₃ Films.

Lead-free BiNaKTiO₃ (BNKT) ferroelectric films on Pt/TI/SIO₂/Si substrates were prepared via a sol-gel spin coating routine. The microstructures and multiferroic behaviors of the films were examined intimately as a function of the annealing time. A rise of annealing time enhanced the crystallization of the films via the perovskite structure.