Assessment of infant gonadal dose irradiated from urine-contaminated diapers during diuretic renal scintigraphy.

Objective: To estimate the gonadal doses irradiated from urine- contaminated diapers during diuretic renal scintigraphy.

Methods: Images of 31 patients (18 males and 13 females) with urine-contaminated diapers during 99m Tc-MAG3 renal scintigraphy were analyzed. The count rate of the diapers was converted into a time-activity curve based on the calibrated factor of the gamma camera system.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Facilitate Tip Cell Fusion Downstream of BMP-Mediated Venous Angiogenesis-Brief Report.

Background: The goal of this study was to identify and characterize cell-cell interactions that facilitate endothelial tip cell fusion downstream of BMP (bone morphogenic protein)-mediated venous plexus formation.

Methods: High resolution and time-lapse imaging of transgenic reporter lines and loss-of-function studies were carried out to study the involvement of mesenchymal stromal cells during venous angiogenesis.

Results: BMP-responsive stromal cells facilitate timely and precise fusion of venous tip cells during developmental angiogenesis.

Technical note: Evaluation of a V-Net autosegmentation algorithm for pediatric CT scans: Performance, generalizability, and application to patient-specific CT dosimetry.

Purpose: This study developed and evaluated a fully convolutional network (FCN) for pediatric CT organ segmentation and investigated the generalizability of the FCN across image heterogeneities such as CT scanner model protocols and patient age. We also evaluated the autosegmentation models as part of a software tool for patient-specific CT dose estimation.

Methods: A collection of 359 pediatric CT datasets with expert organ contours were used for model development and evaluation.

Pediatric chest-abdomen-pelvis and abdomen-pelvis CT images with expert organ contours.

Purpose: Organ autosegmentation efforts to date have largely been focused on adult populations, due to limited availability of pediatric training data. Pediatric patients may present additional challenges for organ segmentation. This paper describes a dataset of 359 pediatric chest-abdomen-pelvis and abdomen-pelvis Computed Tomography (CT) images with expert contours of up to 29 anatomical organ structures to aid in the evaluation and development of autosegmentation algorithms for pediatric CT imaging.

RhoA activation-mediated vascular permeability in capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome: a hypothesis.

Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) syndrome is a class of capillary anomalies that are associated with arteriovenous malformations and arteriovenous fistulas, which carry a risk of hemorrhages. There are no broadly effective pharmacological therapies currently available. Most CM-AVMs are associated with a loss of RASA1, resulting in constitutive activation of RAS signaling.

Pediatric abdominal and pelvic trauma: safety and efficacy of arterial embolization.

Purpose: Although transcatheter embolization is a well established technique to treat adults in the trauma setting, evidence is lacking in the pediatric population. This study assesses the safety and efficacy of arterial embolization for blunt abdominal and pelvic trauma in the pediatric population.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of abdominal and pelvic angiograms in 97 pediatric patients with blunt trauma was conducted over an 11-year period.

Propranolol reduces infantile hemangioma volume and vessel density.

Objective: To evaluate changes in infantile hemangioma tissue before and after propranolol therapy, using gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound imaging.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary pediatric hospital.

Midterm follow-up of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts using polytetrafluoroethylene endografts in children.

Purpose: To report the initial experience of a pediatric center's use of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) endografts for the creation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPSs) in children.

Materials And Methods: Twelve consecutive patients had a TIPS created, all with ePTFE endografts. Nine were children younger than 18 years of age: one infant (age 18 mo) and eight adolescent children with a median age of 14 years, 3 months (range, 10 y, 1 mo, to 17 y, 2 mo).

Percutaneous drainage of intra-abdominal abscess in children with perforated appendicitis.

Background: Because the surgical management of perforated appendicitis remains controversial, percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) has gained favor for managing periappendiceal abscess in hemodynamically stable children.

Objective: To determine the safety and effectiveness of PCD in children with perforated appendicitis and to identify any variables of prognostic value.

Materials & Methods: We retrospectively evaluated clinical data and imaging features for 33 children undergoing PCD for periappendiceal abscess from October 2006 to February 2010.

Recurrent Page kidney in a child with a congenital solitary kidney requiring capsular artery embolization.

We report an unusual case of a child with a congenital solitary functional kidney complicated by a sports-related posttraumatic Page kidney. The child developed severe hypertension and renal insufficiency requiring percutaneous intervention to preserve renal function. The literature is sparse with no definitive guidelines for the treatment of Page kidney.

Uterine artery embolization: a safe and effective, minimally invasive, uterine-sparing treatment option for symptomatic fibroids.

Leiomyomas (or fibroids) are exceedingly common lesions. The indications to initiate treatment are based on the symptoms that can arise from their presence. In general, medical therapy should be considered the first line of treatment.

The use of paired optionally retrievable günther tulip filters in trauma patients with anatomical variants.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filtration is commonly performed to protect against pulmonary embolism in acutely injured patients with contraindications for anticoagulation therapy. Increasingly, optionally retrievable IVC filters are utilized, particularly in younger patients with longer life expectancies. There are well-described anatomical variants that preclude the typical infrarenal deployment of IVC filters.

Sharp recanalization of an esophageal occlusion after repair of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal stricture.

Esophageal atresia with an associated tracheoesophageal fistula is a congenital anomaly requiring surgical correction. Recurrent stricture is the most common complication of surgical repair and is usually treated with mechanical dilation. Rarely, a recurrent completely obstructive stricture can cause obliteration of the anastomosis, preventing passage of a wire for dilation.