Alcohol use and its association with HIV risk behaviors among a cohort of patients attending HIV clinical care in Tanzania, Kenya, and Namibia.

This article describes the frequency of alcohol use among HIV-positive patients attending clinical care in sub-Saharan Africa and explores the association between alcohol use, medication adherence, and sexual risk behavior. Data from 3538 patients attending an HIV clinic in Kenya, Tanzania, or Namibia were captured through interview and medical record abstraction. Participants were categorized into three drinking categories: nondrinkers, nonharmful drinkers, and harmful/likely dependent drinkers.

The status of HIV testing and counseling in Kenya: results from a nationally representative population-based survey.

Background: HIV testing and counseling (HTC) is essential for successful HIV prevention and treatment programs. The national target for HTC is 80% of the adult population in Kenya. Population-based data to measure progress towards this HTC target are needed to assess the country's changing needs for HIV prevention and treatment.

Factors Associated with Uptake of HIV Test Results in a Nationally Representative Population-Based AIDS Indicator Survey.

Population-based surveys with HIV testing in settings with low testing coverage provide opportunities for participants to learn their HIV status. Survey participants (15-64 years) in a 2007 nationally representative population-based HIV serologic survey in Kenya received a voucher to collect HIV test results at health facilities 6 weeks after blood draw. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify predictors of individual and couple collection of results.

Male circumcision programmes in Kenya: lessons from the Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey 2007.

Objective: To provide guidance for male circumcision programmes in Kenya by estimating the population of uncircumcised men and investigating the association between circumcision and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with particular reference to uncircumcised, HIV-uninfected men.

Methods: Data on men aged 15 to 64 years were derived from the 2007 Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey, which involved interviews and blood collection to test for HIV and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). The prevalence of HIV infection and circumcision in Kenyan provinces was calculated and the demographic characteristics and sexual behaviour of circumcised and uncircumcised, HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men were recorded.

Lack of knowledge of HIV status a major barrier to HIV prevention, care and treatment efforts in Kenya: results from a nationally representative study.

Background: We analyzed HIV testing rates, prevalence of undiagnosed HIV, and predictors of testing in the Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS) 2007.

Methods: KAIS was a nationally representative sero-survey that included demographic and behavioral indicators and testing for HIV, HSV-2, syphilis, and CD4 cell counts in the population aged 15-64 years. We used gender-specific multivariable regression models to identify factors independently associated with HIV testing in sexually active persons.

A qualitative exploration of the human resource policy implications of voluntary counselling and testing scale-up in Kenya: applying a model for policy analysis.

Background: Kenya experienced rapid scale up of HIV testing and counselling services in government health services from 2001. We set out to examine the human resource policy implications of scaling up HIV testing and counselling in Kenya and to analyse the resultant policy against a recognised theoretical framework of health policy reform (policy analysis triangle).

Methods: Qualitative methods were used to gain in-depth insights from policy makers who shaped scale up.

Using mass media campaigns to promote voluntary counseling and HIV-testing services in Kenya.

Background: Kenya, a country with high HIV prevalence, has seen a rapid scale-up of voluntary counseling and HIV-testing (VCT) services from three sites in 2000 to 585 by June 2005. From 2002 onwards, services were promoted by a four-phase professionally designed mass media campaign.

Objective: To assess the impact of a mass media campaign on VCT services.

A peer-led HIV counselling and testing programme for the deaf in Kenya.

Purpose: To describe and evaluate the establishment of the first VCT services for the Deaf in Africa.

Method: Operational research methods were used to document programme establishment. The demographics of deaf VCT clients were compared with hearing clients at the same sites as well as where clients had learned of the service, HIV risks, and HIV test results.

[Clinical complications in a series of patients with anticardiolipin antibodies].

An analysis was made of clinical complications, determined with objective methods, in 68 patients at the University Clinic of Navarra with the clinical suspicion of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA). Patients with IgG higher than 23 GPL were considered for the study. The most prevalent pathology was thrombosis: venous thrombosis (42.