induced cognitive impairment in rats via dysregulation of dopamine receptors and indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase.

() is a parasite capable of residing in the brain of their host which influences behaviour changes due to alterations in the neurotransmitters. Consequently, dopamine receptors (DRD) and indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO) dysregulation facilitate the progression of behaviour changes in a host as a response to infection. This study tested the effect of neurotransmitter changes as a result of infection on rats cognitive impairment.

A Review on Plants and Microorganisms Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles, Role of Plants Metabolites and Applications.

Silver nanoparticles are one of the most extensively studied nanomaterials due to their high stability and low chemical reactivity in comparison to other metals. They are commonly synthesized using toxic chemical reducing agents which reduce metal ions into uncharged nanoparticles. However, in the last few decades, several efforts were made to develop green synthesis methods to avoid the use of hazardous materials.

Investigation of Andrographolide Effect on Non-Infected Red Blood Cells Using the H-NMR-Based Metabolomics Approach.

Andrographolide (AG) has been shown to have several medicinal and pharmaceutical effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-malarial activities. Moreover, studies to assess the pharmacological effect of AG on the metabolic changes of uninfected red blood cells (uRBCs) have not yet been investigated. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacological effects of AG compared to chloroquine (CQ) on the metabolic variations of uRBCs in vitro using a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR)-based metabolomics approach coupled with multivariate data analysis (MVDA).

Microencapsulation Preservation of the Stability and Efficacy of Citrus Grandis Oil-Based Repellent Formulation against during Storage.

Essential oils have been widely used as an active ingredient in mosquito repellent products. However, essential oils are highly unstable and prone to degradation when exposed to the environment during storage. Microencapsulation techniques help to maintain the stability of molecules in essential oils that are sensitive to environmental stress, and therefore improve shelf life.

Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Oocysts in Cat Faeces from Klang Valley, Malaysia, Using B1 and REP Genes in 2018.

The major route for () infection is through the ingestion of foods contaminated with oocyst from cat faeces. The microscopic detection of oocysts in cat faeces is challenging, which contributes to the failure of detecting or differentiating it from other related coccidian parasites. This study aims to detect oocysts in cat faeces using two multicopy-target PCR assays and to evaluate their genetic diversity.

Isoenzyme profiles and phylogenetic analysis of Giardia duodenalis isolates from Iranian patients.

The main objective of this study was to characterize the Giardia duodenalis isolates from Iranian patients in Fars Province, south of Iran by biochemical and molecular methods. Fifteen mass cultivated of G. duodenalis isolates in modified TYI-S-33 medium were analyzed using isoenzyme electrophoresis and PCR genotyping.

A Review on the Prevalence of in Humans and Animals Reported in Malaysia from 2008-2018.

Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite (). Human toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in Malaysia has increased since it was first reported in 1973 as shown in previous reviews of 1991 and 2007. However, over a decade since the last review, comprehensive data on toxoplasmosis in Malaysia is lacking.

Detection of rodent-borne parasitic pathogens of wild rats in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia: A potential threat to human health.

Rodent species, such as and are invasive species of wild rats that serve as potential reservoirs of important human's pathogens. Parasitic zoonosis accounts for over 60% of all human infectious diseases worldwide. This situation arises from the recent changes in the global climate and ecosystem composition, which led to the spread of rodents and rodent-borne pathogens globally.

Susceptibility of to Ethanolic Extract of in Vero Cells.

Background: Toxoplasmosis remains widely distributed globally and is one of the major neglected parasitic zoonotic infections. The infection is still endemic in most parts of the world due to poor control as well as challenges of the currently used medications which can be overcome by using natural products. This study evaluated the effect of ethanolic extract from the stem of (EETC) on host cell invasion and intracellular replication of .

Phytochemicals and Potential Therapeutic Targets on Toxoplasma gondii Parasite.

Identification of drug target in protozoan T. gondii is an important step in the development of chemotherapeutic agents. Likewise, exploring phytochemical compounds effective against the parasite can lead to the development of new drug agent that can be useful for prophylaxis and treatment of toxoplasmosis.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Genotypes in Fars Province, Southern Iran.

Background: This study is the first phylogenetic genotype analysis of in Iran. The main objective was to determine genotyping and identify the sub-assemblages of isolates involved in the transmission of giardiasis in Fars Province, south of Iran, in 2012.

Methods: Forty isolates were collected from the patient's fecal samples with gastrointestinal discomfort referred to the health centers and hospitals in Shiraz, Fars Province, south of Iran.

Molecular Identification of Giardia duodenalis Isolates from Fars Province, Iran.

Background: Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common human intestinal protozoan parasites worldwide and is endemic throughout the world with a vast range of mammalian hosts. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of G. duodenalis isolates and determine the most common of its assemblages in the patients referring to health centers and hospitals in Fars province, Iran that will be subjected to further molecular investigation.

Cutaneous larva migrans: a neglected disease and possible association with the use of long socks.

Cutaneous larva migrans is a common parasitic skin disease that can be easily prevented by wearing 'protective' footwear. However, this has been under-emphasized in terms of what constitutes the protective footwear. Even though the disease resolves spontaneously, the significant duration of the disease along with severity of pruritus make treatment unavoidable.