Phosphorylation of Not4p functions parallel to BUR2 to regulate resistance to cellular stresses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Background: The evolutionarily conserved Ccr4-Not and Bur1/2 kinase complexes are functionally related in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we further explore the relationship between the subunits Not4p and Bur2p.

Methodology/principal Findings: First, we investigated the presence of post-translational modifications on the Ccr4-Not complex.

Human Ccr4-Not complexes contain variable deadenylase subunits.

The Ccr4-Not complex is evolutionarily conserved and important for regulation of mRNA synthesis and decay. The composition of the yeast complex has been well described. Orthologues of the yeast Ccr4-Not components have been identified in human cells including multiple subunits with mRNA deadenylase activity.

Relationship between low back pain and lumbar multifidus size at different postures.

Study Design: A prospective study of multifidus images. OBJECTIVE.: To compare the change of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of multifidus in subjects with and without chronic low back pain (LBP) at different postures.