Discovery of Undescribed Flavonoid and Rotenoid Derivatives From the Leaves of Derris trifoliata With Their Cytotoxic Activity.

Phytochemical study on the leaves of Derris trifoliata led to the isolation of five rotenoids (3-7) and 10 flavonoid derivatives (1, 2, 8-15). Three of them, (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)chroman-4-one (1), keampferol 3-O-[6-O-(E)-feruloyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-(1 → 2)-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), and (+)-13-homo-13-oxa-6a,12a-dehydrorotenone (3) were verified by Scifinder as previously undescribed compounds. Their chemical structures were elucidated by using infrared (IR), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR methods.

Origins and Distribution of Panicum Mosaic Virus and Sugarcane Mosaic Virus on in Australia.

is a premium turf grass in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the world and is the most important turf species in Australia based on the value of its production. A new disease called buffalo grass yellows (BGY) has become a problem on turf farms in Australia. We surveyed turf farms in New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (Qld) and Western Australia to determine whether panicum mosaic virus (PMV) and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) were associated with BGY.

Tiered intake assessment for propylene glycol in beverages.

A tiered intake assessment approach is presented and applied to derive estimates of maximum potential global propylene glycol (PG) intake from beverage sources. The US and UK markets served as surrogates for the world and the EU region, respectively, to determine the maximum potential exposure for PG in various subpopulations, including brand-loyal consumers. Conservative intake estimates for PG used in non-alcoholic beverages were calculated for toddlers less than 3 years (y), young children 3-9 y, adolescents 10-17 y, adults 18-64 y, elderly 65-74 y, very elderly 75+ y, based on assumed uses in high beverage consumption markets, leveraging either the 2-day food consumption data from the 2013-2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey or the 4-day food consumption data from the 2008-2017 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam: insights from the SEANUTS II study.

Objective: To describe the economic, lifestyle and nutritional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents, guardians and children in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam.

Design: Data from the SEANUTS II cohort were used. Questionnaires, including a COVID-19 questionnaire, were used to study the impact of the pandemic on parents/guardians and their children with respect to work status, household expenditures and children's dietary intake and lifestyle behaviours.

Arsenic and Heavy Metals in Soils and Plants near Sulfide Mines: Implications for Phytoremediation and Phytomanagement.

The accumulation of heavy metals (i.e., As, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in soils and native plant species near copper, nickel, and pyrite mines in Vietnam was assessed.

The Role of Complementary Feeding Practices in Addressing the Double Burden of Malnutrition among Children Aged 6-23 Months: Insight from the Vietnamese General Nutrition Survey 2020.

: Optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are crucial to addressing the double burden of malnutrition (DBM), encompassing undernutrition (including micronutrient deficiencies) and overnutrition. This study examined the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of IYCF practices, and their impacts on the DBM among 2039 Vietnamese children aged 6-23 months from the General Nutrition Survey 2020. Thirteen IYCF indicators recommended by the WHO/UNICEF were evaluated.

Dairy Consumption at Breakfast among Southeast Asian Children: Associations with Nutrient Intake from the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys II (SEANUTS II).

Background: Children's rapid growth requires adequate nutrient intake, with breakfast, especially when incorporating dairy, playing an important role. This study examined associations between dairy consumption at breakfast and energy and nutrient intake among children in Southeast Asia.

Methods: Utilizing the cross-sectional South East Asian Nutrition Surveys II dataset, using a 24 h dietary recall and questionnaires distributed among 10,286 children aged 2 to 12 years from Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam, we investigated the impact of dairy consumption at breakfast on nutrient intake and examined associations between breakfast consumption and the prevalence of stunting and overweight/obesity among 10,135 children.

Micronutrient deficiencies and the double burden of malnutrition in Vietnamese female adolescents: a national cross-sectional study in 2020.

Background: Vietnam is facing a double burden of malnutrition, with increasing prevalence of overweight coexisting with undernutrition (stunting and/or thinness) and micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs). Although malnutrition during female adolescence leads to poor health outcomes with potential intergenerational effects on offspring, no studies have comprehensively investigated MNDs and nutritional status among contemporary Vietnamese female adolescents.

Methods: Data from 10- to 18-year-old female participants (n = 1471) in the nationally-representative Vietnam General Nutrition Survey 2020 were analysed.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a Child With Dravet Syndrome: A Case Report.

The objective of this case report is to describe and document a case of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a pediatric patient with Dravet syndrome (DS), also known as severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy. Febrile seizures are often a complication in a patient with DS and can lead to status epilepticus, necessitating measures to prevent triggers such as fever, electrolyte imbalance, or dehydration. An increased awareness and understanding of DS can facilitate the identification of warning signs.

Triple burden of malnutrition among Vietnamese 0·5-11-year-old children in 2020-2021: results of SEANUTS II Vietnam.

Objective: SEANUTS II Vietnam aims to obtain an in-depth understanding of the nutritional status and nutrient intake of children between 0·5 and 11·9 years old.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: A multistage cluster systematic random sampling method was implemented in different regions in Vietnam: North Mountainous, Central Highlands, Red River Delta, North Central and Coastal Area, Southeast and Mekong River Delta.

Necrotizing Enterocolitis in an Infant With a History of Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: A Case Report.

This case report describes necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in an infant with a history of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). TTTS is a volume imbalance where the anastomosis at the vascular equator between the two placentae shifts from the donor to the recipient twin. This causes a higher risk for NEC, a marked inflammation caused by bacterial infection into the intestinal wall, from prematurity and intestinal hypoperfusion.

Molecular characterisation of a novel sadwavirus infecting cattleya orchids in Australia.

The complete genome sequence of a novel sadwavirus infecting cattleya orchids in South East Queensland is described. Isometric virions of c. 27 nm diameter were observed in sap extracts viewed under a transmission electron microscope, and the genome sequence of this virus was determined by high-throughput sequencing.

Lack of genotoxicity potential and safety assessment of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl) morpholine present as an impurity in pharmaceuticals and nutritional supplements.

4-(2-Hydroxyethyl) morpholine (HEM) is widely used as a building block of macromolecules in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements and could remain as an impurity in the finished products. An evaluation of HEM was conducted to identify endpoints that could be used to determine the point-of-departure (POD) for use in assessing the potential risk from exposure to HEM. No oral repeated dose toxicological studies of appropriate duration were found for HEM.

Health staff perceptions of patient safety and associated factors in hospitals in Vietnam.

Introduction: Patient safety is a global challenge of preventing and mitigating medical errors which might harm patients during their course of treatment and care. This study was employed to contribute to the existing literature aimed to assess patient safety culture among health staff and to determine predictors of health staff perceptions of patient safety in hospitals in Vietnam.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three hospitals of Vietnam with a total of 763 participants.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Bipolar II Disorder Treatment: A Case Report.

The objective of this case report is to describe and document the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to aid in the treatment of bipolar II disorder. A 35-year-old male with a past medical history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), severe depression, and bipolar II disorder was presented to an outpatient psychiatric clinic 1.5 years after his initial TMS treatment for TMS maintenance therapy.

Development of a simple and low-cost method using Moringa seeds for efficient virus concentration in wastewater.

Effective virus concentration methods are essential for detecting pathogenic viruses in environmental waters and play a crucial role in wastewater-based epidemiology. However, the current methods are often expensive, complicated, and time-consuming, which limits their practical application. In this study, a simple and low-cost method was developed using the extract of Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds (MO method) to recover both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, including pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), murine norovirus (MNV), Aichivirus (AiV), murine hepatitis virus (MHV), and influenza A virus subtype H1N1[H1N1] in wastewater.

Beverage Consumption Patterns among U.S. Adolescents and Adults from a New 24-h Beverage Recall Survey Compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018.

Beverages are major dietary components of the United States (U.S.) population.

Rural origin student representation in health courses at the University of Tasmania: 2011-2020.

Objective: To describe longitudinal trends in the admission and completion of domestic Tasmanian rural origin students in health courses at the University of Tasmania (UTAS).

Methods: A retrospective audit of records for all domestic Tasmanian students admitted to, or who completed a health course offered by UTAS between 2011 and 2020 was conducted. Data extracted from student records included gender, age, Indigenous background, rural origin (based on residential address outside of Launceston or Hobart at the time of application), health discipline, year of admission and/or completion.

The Use of Mock Standardized/Simulated Patient Encounters in Facilitating Development of Clinical Competence in Medical Students.

Background Standardized patient (SP) encounters are used in medical school to mimic clinical practice by exposing students to possible clinical situations they may encounter in future practice. SP includes trained individuals who portray the roles of patients to help medical students practice recording medical histories, physical exam skills, communication skills, and typing a subjective, objective, assessment and plan (SOAP) note. The goal of SP is to prepare medical students adequately during their didactic years before beginning clerkships.

Effect of biowaste and construction waste additives on mechanical dewaterability of lake sediment for brick production.

Nowadays, when the zero-waste strategy is an inevitable component of the circular economy, the reuse of waste, including dredged sludges, has drawn the attention of many researchers. This study evaluated four kinds of bio-wastes (corn core powder, rice husk powder, sugarcane bagasse powder, and peanut shell powders) and two kinds of construction wastes (autoclaved aerated concrete-AAC and pavement stone) in enhancing the dewaterability of dredged sludge from the lake, in which the sludges would then be reused for brick production. The results showed that the moisture contents decreased from 62 ± 0.

Two new lignan glycosides from L. with their NO inhibition and cytotoxic activity.

A phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of aerial parts of the led to the isolation of two new lignan glycosides, acaniliciosides A and B ( and ), together with ten known compounds (-). The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated based on HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of two new compounds were established by CD spectra.

Evaluation of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis by Pichia sp. TSLS24 yeast isolated in Vietnam.

Following the rising concern on environmental issues caused by conventional fossil-based plastics and depleting crude oil resources, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are of great interest by scientists and biodegradable polymer market due to their outstanding properties which include high biodegradability in various conditions and processing flexibility. Many polyhydroxyalkanoate-synthesizing microorganisms, including normal and halophilic bacteria, as well as algae, have been investigated for their performance in polyhydroxyalkanoate production. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is still limited studies on PHAs-producing marine yeast.