Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines for the role of surgery in the management of patients with diffuse low grade glioma: update.

Target populationAdults with imaging suggestive of a WHO grade II diffuse gliomas (oligodendrogliomas or astrocytomas)QuestionIn adults with imaging suggestive of a WHO grade II diffuse gliomas (oligodendrogliomas or astrocytomas), does surgical resection improve overall survival compared to observation or biopsy?Updated Recommendation from the Prior Version of These Guidelines:Level III: In adults with imaging suggestive of a WHO grade II diffuse gliomas (oligodendrogliomas or astrocytomas), surgical resection is suggested over observation or biopsy to improve overall survival.Question Q2In adults with imaging suggestive of a WHO grade II diffuse gliomas (oligodendrogliomas or astrocytomas), does maximal surgical resection improve progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to subtotal resection/biopsy?Unchanged Recommendations from the Prior Version of These GuidelinesLevel II It is recommended that GTR or STR be accomplished instead of biopsy alone when safe and feasible so as to decrease the frequency of tumor progression recognizing that the rate of progression after GTR is fairly high.Level III Greater extent of resection can improve OS in WHO grade II diffuse gliomas patients.

Asymmetry in the Onset of Paraspinal Muscles Activity Differs in Adolescents With Idiopathic Scoliosis Compared With Those With a Symmetrical Spine.

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is characterized by an asymmetrical formation of the spine and ribcage. Recent work provides evidence of asymmetrical (right versus left side) paraspinal muscle size, composition, and activation amplitude in adolescents with AIS. Each of these factors influences muscle force generation.

The PDC30 Chatbot-Development of a Psychoeducational Resource on Dementia Caregiving Among Family Caregivers: Mixed Methods Acceptability Study.

Background: Providing ongoing support to the increasing number of caregivers as their needs change in the long-term course of dementia is a severe challenge to any health care system. Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) operating 24/7 may help to tackle this problem.

Objective: This study describes the development of a generative AI chatbot-the PDC30 Chatbot-and evaluates its acceptability in a mixed methods study.

Integration of physical and mental health services for children and young people with eating disorders and functional symptom disorders: discrete choice experiment.

Background: Given the increasing recognition of the value of greater integration of physical and mental health services for children and young people, we aimed to evaluate preferences among parents for the characteristics associated with integrated health service provision for two conditions (eating disorders, functional symptom disorders).

Methods: Two discrete choice experiments (DCEs) were conducted, using electronic surveys. Participants were adult parents of children and young people.

Modulating the aroma and taste profile of soybean using novel strains for fermentation.

A key factor influencing consumer acceptance of soybean products is the aroma and taste profile, which can be modulated through fermentation using unique microbial strains. This study aimed to identify and characterize novel microbial strains with the potential to enhance flavour profiles including umami, while reducing undesirable flavour notes such as beany aromas. The results showed an 800% (8-fold) increase in free amino acids in samples fermented with , which correlated with an increase in umami intensity as measured using an E-tongue.

Positive dementia caregiving in 30 days (PDC30): Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial of a self-guided automated online training program.

The Benefit-Finding Intervention, a face-to-face psychoeducation program with a focus on the positive meanings of caregiving, has been found to reduce depressive symptoms and burden in dementia caregivers. The program was revamped into a computer-delivered web-based program to enable 24/7 access without location restriction. This study evaluates the efficacy of this new online program called Positive Dementia Caregiving in 30 Days (PDC30).

Atherothrombotic Outcomes After Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Versus Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Territory-Wide Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: This study compared the risks of atherothrombotic major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes taking SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors to those taking DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors.

Methods And Results: All adult patients (≥18 years of age) with type 2 diabetes and newly prescribed with SGLT2 inhibitors or DPP-4 inhibitors across all public hospitals in Hong Kong between January 2015 and December 2019 were included. Patients were propensity matched in a 1:1 ratio using a caliper distance of 0.

A long-term prospective cross-lagged study of gender-typed play and mental transformation in children.

Gender-typed play may contribute to gender disparities in spatial skills, but evidence of this link is limited. Gender-typed play and mental transformation, an important spatial skill, were studied using age-appropriate and comprehensive measures. Chinese children were tested at 5-6 years and at 11-14 years (N = 210), creating a long-term data set considering bidirectional associations.

Solid stress estimations via intraoperative 3D navigation in patients with brain tumors.

Background: Physical forces exerted by expanding brain tumors - specifically the compressive stresses propagated through solid tissue structures - reduces brain perfusion and neurological function, but heretofore has not been directly measured in patients . Solid stress levels estimated from tumor growth patterns are negatively correlated with neurological performance in patients. We hypothesize that measurements of solid stress can be used to inform clinical management of brain tumors.

A second species in the polychaete-associated crab genus Gustavus Ahyong & Ng, 2009 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Aphanodactylidae).

A second species of the previously monotypic aphanodactylid crab genus Gustavus Ahyong & Ng, 2009 is described from the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. The new species, Gustavus holthuisae sp. nov.

Pseudolitochira spinosa, a new species of pilumnid crab from Panglao, Philippines, with a note on P. setosa (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Pilumnoidea).

A new species of pilumnid crab, Pseudolitochira spinosa sp. nov., is described from a seagrass bed in Panglao, Bohol, central Philippines.

Taxonomic notes on three species of Tiwaripotamon Bott, 1970 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) from Vietnam and China, one of which is new to science.

A new species of semiterrestrial freshwater crab, Tiwaripotamon nganima n. sp. is described from northern Vietnam.

Orcovita varungan n. sp. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Varunidae) from Muna Island, southern Sulawesi, Indonesia.

A new species of anchialine crab, Orcovita varungan n. sp., is described from Muna Island in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia.

On the genus Lyphira Galil, 2009 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae), with descriptions of four new species from the West Pacific.

The taxonomy of the shallow water leucosiid crab, Lyphira heterograna (Ortmann, 1892), is revised on the basis of the lectotype and material from Japan, southern China, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia previously identified with this species. Six species are now recognised in the Lyphira heterograna species-group, of which four are new species: L. chomel n.

Description of a new genus and new species of freshwater crab (Crustacea, Decapoda, Potamidae) from Yunnan, China.

A new genus and new species of freshwater crab is described from Yunnan Province, China. Proboscimon keeae gen. n.

A new species of the genus Nanosesarma Tweedie, 1950 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from India.

A new species of mangrove sesarmid crab, Nanosesarma gomantaka n. sp. is described on the basis of specimens collected from Chapora Estuary in Goa State, India.

Correction: Optimal designs of the side sensitive synthetic chart for the coefficient of variation based on the median run length and expected median run length.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Cognitive outcomes after magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in adolescent patients.

Surgical treatment of medication-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is associated with cognitive deficits. Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) for MTLE has been shown to result in superior cognitive outcomes in adults when compared to open surgical resection. However, data regarding postoperative cognitive outcomes in adolescent and pediatric patients is limited.