Traumatic posterior fossa extradural hematoma in children: a meta-analysis and institutional experience of its clinical course, treatment and outcomes.

Posterior fossa extradural hematoma (PFEDH) is rare but has a greater incidence amongst children. It is also associated with a rapid deterioration. The aim of this study was to present the management of PFEDH through our institutional experience and a meta-analysis.

Complex lumbosacral spinal cord lipomas: A longitudinal study on outcomes from a Singapore children's hospital.

Background: Total/near-total resection (TR/NTR) of complex lumbosacral lipomas (CSL) is reported to be associated with better long-term functional outcomes and lower symptomatic re-tethering rates. We report our institutional experience for CSL resection in affected children.

Methods: This is a single-institution, retrospective study.

Spontaneous regression of migrated ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter from scrotum to peritoneum: a case-based review.

Objective: The incidence of scrotal migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) catheter is rare and may lead to life-threatening visceral complications. Management requires prompt removal of the migrated portion of the shunt and closure of the scrotal sac. We report an interesting case of a young child who presented with asymptomatic unilateral swelling of his scrotum secondary to a migrated VPS catheter.

Pediatric Primary Intracranial Malignant Melanoma: Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Primary intracranial malignant melanoma (PIMM) is an extremely rare primary brain tumor with most cases diagnosed in adults. To date, there are only a few cases reported in the pediatric population. Owing to its infrequency, there are no established guidelines to treat this aggressive neoplasm.

Paediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt failures: 12-year experience from a Singapore children's hospital.

Purpose: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt failures in children are devastating. The primary aims of this study are to, firstly, review our institutional series of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) insertions and identify factors associated with shunt failure.

Methods: This is a single-institution, retrospective study conducted over a 12-year period.

Intraoperative Fluorescein Sodium in Pediatric Neurosurgery: A Preliminary Case Series from a Singapore Children's Hospital.

(1) Background: Fluorescein sodium (Na-Fl) has been described as a safe and useful neurosurgical adjunct in adult neurooncology. However, its use has yet to be fully established in children. We designed a study to investigate the use of intraoperative Na-Fl in pediatric brain tumor surgery.

Tethered cord secondary to focal nondisjunction of the primary neural tube: experience from a Singapore children's hospital.

Purpose: Tethered cord due to focal nondisjunction of primary neuralisation (FNPN) is a rare form of spinal dysraphism. We present our institutional experience in managing children diagnosed with FNPN.

Materials And Methods: This is a single institution, retrospective study approved by the hospital ethics board.

Fibrofatty filum terminale: long-term outcomes from a Singapore children's hospital.

Objective: The role of prophylactic detethering a fibrofatty filum terminale (FFT) remains equivocal. Furthermore, long-term studies focusing on urological outcomes are sparse. The aims of this study were to present an institutional experience on the perioperative and long-term outcomes of FFT surgery and to assess for factors that contribute to postoperative clean intermittent catheterization (CIC).

Decompressive surgery in abusive head injury: Experience from a Singapore children's hospital and a review of literature.

Purpose: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Studies on pediatric head injury observe that AHT patients often have a higher incidence of malignant cerebral oedema and, overall, worse prognosis. There are limited studies with a focus on the outcome of decompressive surgery in children with AHT.

Monomodality versus Combined Therapy in Optic Pathway Gliomas-20-Year Experience from a Singapore Children's Hospital.

Introduction: The treatment of pediatric optic pathway gliomas (OPG) is challenging. At present, most centers provide individualized treatment to maximize progression free survival (PFS) and minimize morbidity. We aim to report our experience in the management of pediatric OPG, and investigate factors associated with an increased duration of remission after treatment.

Prevention and treatment of CSF leaks in congenital complex spinal lipomas.

Background: Congenital complex spinal lipomas (CSL) are challenging lesions to treat. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are feared complications due to the risk of infection, and subsequent scarring that may promote retethering. Much has been written in the literature on the surgical technique of CSL resection with less emphasis placed on the prevention and management of CSF leak.

Paediatric Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation: Outcomes from a Singapore Children's Hospital.

Objectives: Paediatric brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is a rare and distinct clinical entity. There is a growing body of literature that support the success of multimodality approaches for this difficult condition. The authors aim to firstly, describe our institutional experience with a consecutive series of patients and next, corroborate our results with current literature.

Programmable Shunt Valves for Pediatric Hydrocephalus: 22-Year Experience from a Singapore Children's Hospital.

(1) Background: pediatric hydrocephalus is a challenging condition. Programmable shunt valves (PSV) have been increasingly used. This study is undertaken to firstly, to objectively evaluate the efficacy of PSV as a treatment modality for pediatric hydrocephalus; and next, review its associated patient outcomes at our institution.

Paediatric arachnoid cysts: Surgical outcomes from a Singapore children's hospital.

Arachnoid cysts (AC) are reported to have a prevalence of up to 2.6% in children. Most AC remain indolent, but others may expand or rupture to cause life-threatening symptoms of raised intracranial pressure.

Molecular exploration of paediatric intracranial germinomas from multi-ethnic Singapore.

Background: Germinomas (IG) account for up to 50% of all intracranial germ cell tumours. These tumours are reputed to be more prevalent in Oriental populations in comparison to Western cohorts. Biological characteristics of IG in other ethnic groups are unknown.

Extraneural metastatic paediatric glioblastoma: Case report and literature review.

The incidence of paediatric glioblastoma is uncommon in comparison to their adult counterpart. Even more infrequent are extraneural metastases in glioblastoma. A previously well 14-year-old female presented with progressive right hemiparesis secondary to a left fronto-temporal lobe glioblastoma (WHO IV).

Paediatric meningiomas in Singapore - Case series of a rare entity.

Paediatric meningiomas are extremely rare. These tumours constitute only 2 to 3% of all childhood brain tumours. Despite similarities in histological features between PMs and their adult counterparts, there are important distinctions between them.

Right middle cerebral artery infarct after minor head trauma in an infant: Case report and literature review.

Ishaemic stroke (IS) in the paediatric population is extremely rare. In this age group, the occurrence of IS often concurs with underlying congenital heart disease, haematological, metabolic or immunological conditions. In contrast, the association between IS and minor head injury in children has been sparse in current literature.

Use of an Offsite Intraoperative MRI Operating Theater for Pediatric Brain Tumor Surgery: Experience from a Singapore Children's Hospital.

Background: Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) has been recognized as a useful adjunct for brain tumor surgery in pediatric patients. There is minimal data on the use of an offsite intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging operating theater (iMRI OT), whereby vehicle transfer of patients is involved. The primary aim of this study is to validate the feasibility of perioperative patient transfer to use an offsite iMRI OT for patients with pediatric brain tumor.

The Seow Operative Score (SOS) as a decision-making adjunct for paediatric Chiari I malformation: a preliminary study.

Purpose: The natural history of Chiari I malformation (C1M) in the paediatric population is poorly understood. There are conflicting reports with regards to surgical indications, operative techniques and peri-operative prognostic indicators. In this paper, we report our institutional experience in the management of paediatric C1M.

Giant Aneurysm Arising from Anomalous Branch of the Middle Cerebral Artery in a Pediatric Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Pediatric intracranial aneurysms are extremely rare. In this age group, cerebral vascular anomalies have been associated with the development of intracranial aneurysms.

Case Description: We present a case of a previously well 11-year-old boy who presented with seizures secondary to a giant, unruptured, and partially thrombosed right middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm.

A germline variant of TP53 in paediatric diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumour.

Purpose: Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumour (DLGNT) is an extremely rare tumour involving the neuroaxis. At present, its exact pathogenesis and associated factors remain incompletely characterised. Recent molecular investigations in a small cohort have offered some insights into this disease.

Primary paediatric epidural sarcomas: molecular exploration of three cases.

Background: Primary paediatric epidural sarcomas are extremely rare. Overall, there remains a paucity of knowledge in paediatric epidural sarcomas owing to the infrequent number of cases. The Archer FusionPlex Sarcoma Kit (ArcherDX, Inc) is a next-generation sequencing assay that has been reported to be a useful technique to detect recurrent fusion in sarcomas.