Combined chemotherapy manifest less severe immunopathology effects in helminth-protozoa comorbidity.

Background: Co-infection with Leishmania major and Schistosoma mansoni may have significant consequences for disease progression, severity and subsequent transmission dynamics. Pentavalent antimonials and Praziquantel (PZQ) are used as first line of treatment for Leishmania and Schistosoma infections respectively. However, there is limited insight on how combined therapy with the standard drugs impacts the host in comorbidity.