Comparison of National Growth Standards for Turkish Infants and Children with World Health Organization Growth Standards.

Objective: Using World Health Organization (WHO) standards in pediatric practice is still controversial in many countries. It is suggested that national growth charts best reflect the genetic and ethnic characteristics of a population. The aim of this study was to compare length/height, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) in healthy Turkish children of ages 0 to 18 with those proposed by WHO as the international growth standards.

A Critical Appraisal of Growth Hormone Therapy in Growth Hormone Deficiency and Turner Syndrome Patients in Turkey.

Early detection of abnormal growth, identification of the underlying cause, and appropriate treatment of the medical condition is an important issue for children with short stature. Growth hormone (GH) therapy is widely used in GH-deficient children and also in non-GH-deficient short stature cases who have findings conforming to certain indications. Efficacy of GH therapy has been shown in a multitude of short- and long-term studies.

Reference Values for Weight, Height, Head Circumference, and Body Mass Index in Turkish Children.

Objective: This study aimed to integrate the existing updated reference standards for the growth of Turkish infants and children and to compare these values with World Health Organization (WHO) reference data, data from some European countries, and also with previous local data. Weight, height, and head circumference measurements were obtained on 2,391 boys and 2,102 girls who were regular attenders of a well child clinic and on 1,100 boys and 1,020 girls attending schools in relatively well-off districts in İstanbul. Mean number of measurements per child was 8.

Epidemiologic Features of Type 1 Diabetic Patients between 0 and 18 Years of Age in İstanbul City.

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of a group of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) living in a Turkish city.

Methods: The records of 395 (boys/girls: 199/196) children with newly diagnosed T1DM hospitalized in the years 1985-2004 were evaluated retrospectively. The data were assessed by gender and age subgroups (≤5, 6-10 and ≥11 years).

Z-score reference values for height in Turkish children aged 6 to 18 years.

Objective: Standard deviation score or Z-score reference charts are used in some countries in preference to percentile charts and are considered as better tools in assessing children with measurements outside the accepted limits of normality. Growth data for Istanbul children have previously been reported as percentiles; hence, the aim of this study is to present these data in Z-score reference tables. Data on secular trend in height in Turkish children will also be presented.

Sitting height and sitting height/height ratio references for Turkish children.

Unlabelled: Sitting height (SHt) measurements and sitting height/height (SHt/Ht) ratio are important criteria in the diagnosis of growth problems and particularly in the diagnosis of dysproportionate growth. It is known that body proportions are related to genetic influences and show variations among different populations. This study aimed to provide reference data on SHt and SHt/Ht ratios for Turkish children of ages 6-18 years.

Anthropometric studies on the Turkish population--a historical review.

A historical review of anthropometric studies conducted on Turkish children and adults is presented. In view of observed differences in growth status between children of different societies, the need for local reference standards and the methodology to be used for such studies have been stressed. The importance of local studies in reflecting the state of health and nutrition both in children and adults has also been mentioned.

Puberty and pubertal growth in healthy Turkish girls: no evidence for secular trend.

Background: Assessment of pubertal stages should be related to updated and reliable referance data from the same background population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide normative data for the onset and tempo of puberty in Turkish girls and analyze the growth parameters in puberty.

Methods: The analyses are based on data that were collected and evaluated biannually on 1020 Turkish school children aged 8-18 years and a subsample of 101 girls who had reached final height (FH).

Updated growth curves for Turkish children aged 15 days to 60 months.

Background: Growth reference values are useful in paediatric health care as a health indicator. Secular changes in height for age values are also known to affect the timing of puberty and brain weight. Different populations may be at different stages of this secular trend.

Evaluation of glucose intolerance in adolescents relative to adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: There is an increasing trend in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in childhood and adolescence, while positive family history of DM2 and obesity are the most important risk factors. To study the influence of family history and obesity on glucose intolerance in our country was the aim of this study.

Study Design And Methods: A total of 105 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years (mean 13.

Growth references for Turkish children aged 6 to 18 years.

Aim: To create up-to-date reference standards for Turkish children, and to compare these with growth standards for US children (CDC 2000 Growth Charts) and with previous local data.

Subjects And Methods: Height and weight measurements of 1100 boys and 1020 girls were obtained by biannual visits to six schools located in relatively well-off districts of Istanbul city. All children came from well-to-do families and all were healthy.

Analysis of puberty and pubertal growth in healthy boys.

The aim of this study was to provide normative data for the onset and tempo of puberty in healthy boys. The analyses are based on data that were collected and evaluated biannually on 1112 Turkish school children aged from 8 to 18 years and a subsample of 30 boys who had reached final height (FH). The data were analyzed cross-sectionally in the total group and longitudinally in the subsample.

Body mass index references for Turkish children.

Aim: To construct the body mass index reference curves for Turkish children aged 6 to 18 y, and to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Subjects And Methods: Height and weight measurements of healthy schoolchildren (1,100 boys, 1,019 girls) were obtained biannually. Body mass index was calculated from 11,648 height and weight measurements.

Growth hormone treatment in Aarskog syndrome: analysis of the KIGS (Pharmacia International Growth Database) data.

Aarskog syndrome is an X-linked disorder characterized by faciogenital dysplasia and short stature. The present study set out to determine the effect of growth hormone (GH) therapy in patients with Aarskog syndrome enrolled in KIGS--the Pharmacia International Growth Database. Twenty-one patients (20 males) were evaluated.

Growth of infants during the first year of life according to feeding regimen in the first 4 months.

This study aimed to compare the first-year growth of infants who had received different feeding regimens throughout the first 4 months. Anthropometric measurements of 332 infants attending a well child clinic were analysed. The infants were divided into four groups: exclusively breastfed (BF), predominantly BF, partially BF, and non-BE Exclusively BF infants were significantly heavier in the first 2 months of life compared to partially BF or non-BF infants Weight and length measurements of the predominantly BF infants were almost identical to those of the exclusively BF group at all ages.

Growth hormone treatment in short children with intrauterine growth retardation.

The aim of this prospective controlled study was to assess the effect of rhGH in short prepubertal children with intrauterine growth retardation and normal growth hormone status. Twenty-six children were randomized into treatment (12F, 4M) and control (6F, 4M) groups. Mean ages were 5.

Ten steps for successful breast-feeding: assessment of hospital performance, its determinants and planning for improvement.

This paper discusses results from a project which aims to document the maternity hospital practices in istanbul within the context of Ten Steps for Successful Breastfeeding. Instruments developed for use in hospital level implementation of the WHO/UNICEF baby friendly hospital initiative were used in five hospitals (two public and three private). No hospital was implementing all Ten Steps.

Growth and puberty in thalassemia major.

Growth and sexual development were evaluated in 54 (29 female, 25 male) patients with beta-thalassemia major aged 2.7-21.3 years (mean 10.

Analysis of patients admitted to the emergency unit of a university children's hospital in Turkey.

A retrospective analysis of the computerized data of patients admitted to our Emergency Unit Inpatient Service in 1991 was conducted to obtain data about age, sex, referred sources, admission period, monthly admission rates, diagnoses and eventual outcome. More than 47% of patients were younger than one year of age. The most common causes for hospital admission were infectious, respiratory and neurological diseases.

Trial of co-trimoxazole versus procaine penicillin G and benzathin penicillin + procaine penicillin G in the treatment of childhood pneumonia.

This study, which aimed to assess the results of three different regimens in the treatment of pneumonia, was carried out at the Pediatric Outpatient Department of Capa Children's Hospital in Istanbul on 151 patients aged between 4 months and 14 years. The first group (n = 46) received co-trimoxazole orally for 10 days and the second group (n = 63) procaine penicillin G in intramuscularly for 10 days. Benzathin penicillin G combined with procaine penicillin G was given to the third group (n = 42) as a single dose intramuscularly.

Carbohydrate malabsorption in acute diarrhea.

A group of 245 well nourished infants with acute diarrhea were screened for carbohydrate malabsorption by evaluating stool pH and reducing substances in the stools. Carbohydrate malabsorption was diagnosed in 28 cases (11%). Clinical features of carbohydrate intolerance were present in only one case.

beta-Endorphin and some hormonal levels in children with acute stress hyperglycaemia.

The levels of beta-endorphin, insulin, cortisol, GH, glucagon, prolactin and TSH were measured in serum samples of 9 hyperglycaemic patients (3 female, 6 male) with a mean age of 4.1 years admitted to the pediatric emergency unit. All patients were in acute stress due to severe diseases (acute gastroenteritis, bronchopneumonia, septicaemia, etc.

Thyroid ultrasound in IDDM.

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDMM) is often associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and a high prevalence of thyroid antibodies (TA). Ultrasound imaging of the thyroid may contribute to the evaluation of patients with AIT. We therefore investigated ultrasound findings of the thyroid in 83 IDDM patients (44F, 39M) with an age range of 2.