Refining Children's exposure assessment to NO, SO, and O: Incorporating indoor-to-outdoor concentration ratios and individual daily routine.

Exposure to air pollutants like sulfur dioxide (SO), nitrogen oxides (NO), and ozone (O) is associated with adverse health effects, particularly with exacerbations of asthma symptoms and new asthma cases in both children and adults. While fixed-site monitoring (FSM) stations are commonly used in air pollutant exposure studies, they may not fully capture personal exposures due to limitations such as inadequate consideration of daily routines and indoor/outdoor concentration variations. In this study, to enhance the accuracy of personal exposure calculated by using FSM data, individual's daily activity routine, encompassing both indoor and outdoor environments, were incorporated by using indoor-to-outdoor concentration ratios.

Health risk assessment of inorganic and organic constituents of the coarse and fine PM in an industrialized region of Brazil.

A health risk assessment of inorganic and organic species associated with coarse and fine particulate matter (PM) was conducted in Southeastern Brazil. TSP, PM, and PM samples were collected, and their elemental (metals/metalloids) and organic (PAHs) composition were determined by EDXRF and GC-MS. The health risks were determined through hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk (CR).

Parameters influencing population annoyance pertaining to air pollution.

Annoyance caused by particulate matter qualifies as a public health problem, as it can be seen as an ambient stressor causing stress, diseases and affecting the quality of life. Previous studies have shown a complex relationship between annoyance and perception of air pollution, health problems occurrences, air pollutants concentration levels and location within the urban area, which should be better investigated. The objective of this work is to identify the parameters that influences perceived annoyance caused by air pollution.

The mineralogical composition of coarse and fine particulate material, their fate, and sources in an industrialized region of southeastern Brazil.

The particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere may be composed of many elements and compounds, including toxic species and hazardous materials, which demand effective control of its emissions, starting with the knowledge of the sources. In this sense, the mineralogical analysis of the PM might be a powerful tool. Here, we present a comprehensive mineralogical characterization of the coarse and fine PM in an industrialized city southeast of Brazil, including a discussion about the transport, deposition, and potential sources associated.

Association between the incidence of acute respiratory diseases in children and ambient concentrations of SO, PM and chemical elements in fine particles.

The aim of this study consists of investigating the effects of the SO, PM, inorganic chemical elements and black carbon (BC) present in fine particulates on the acute outcomes of respiratory diseases in children up to 12 years of age living in Brazilian urban area in the southern hemisphere during the winter (2013) and summer (2013-2014) months. SO and PM concentration data were obtained from six air quality monitoring stations spatially distributed in the area. PM samples were collected at the same locations with a MiniVol sampler over a 24-h period on alternating days.

Volatile organic compounds speciation and their influence on ozone formation potential in an industrialized urban area in Brazil.

Speciation and the influence on the ozone formation potential (OFP) from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been studied between February June 2013 in Vitória, ES, Brazil. Passive samplers were installed at three air-quality monitoring stations and a total of 96 samplings were collected. A total of 78 VOCs were characterized by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer.