The role of HIV as an independent risk factor to cervical HSIL recurrence.

Objective: To evaluate the role of being human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive for predicting the risk of recurrence in women with a cervical high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) diagnosis.

Methods: Retrospective observational case-control study, comprising HIV positive (case) and HIV negative (control) women in a 1:4 ratio. Women assisted by the Erasto Gaertner Hospital, between 2009-2018, with cervical HSIL diagnosis, submitted to treatment by Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), and with a minimum follow-up of 18 months, were included.

A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis of Viral SARI in Pregnant Women in Southern Brazil.

Pregnant women (PW) are at a higher risk of diseases and hospitalization from viral respiratory infections, particularly influenza and SARS-CoV-2, due to cardiopulmonary and immunological changes. This study assessed the impact of viral respiratory infections on PW hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a cross-sectional study with 42 PW and 85 non-pregnant women (NPW) admitted with SARI to two tertiary hospitals between January 2015 and December 2019.

Diagnosis and treatment of infectious vaginitis: Proposal for a new algorithm.

Background: Vaginitis is the most common gynecologic diagnosis in primary care, and most women have at least one episode during their lives. The need for standardized strategies to diagnose and treat vaginitis, both in primary care and among gynecologists, is emphasized. The Brazilian Group for Vaginal Infections (GBIV, acronym in Portuguese) aimed to update the practical approach to affected women by reviewing and discussing recent literature, and developing algorithms for diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis.

HELLP syndrome and COVID-19: A minor revision of a possible new "COVID-19-linked HELLP-like syndrome".

To report the characteristics described in the literature on a possible new "COVID-19-linked HELLP-like syndrome" in pregnant women with COVID-19: its association with the severity; prevalence; clinical; laboratory; pathophysiological and therapeutic management differences from the classic HELLP syndrome and their impact on outcomes. Observational, cohort, case-control, case-series and case-report studies were included. Data were extracted independently by the authors of the study, to ensure accuracy, consistency and performed the quality assessment.

Recurrence in Cervical High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion: The Role of the Excised Endocervical Canal Length-Analysis of 2,427 Patients.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the excised canal length on relapse rates of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) treated by loop electrosurgical excision procedure and to find a cut-off point, above which lower recurrence rates could be observed, with low probability of compromising future obstetric outcome, and the relationship with other individual factors related to HSIL recurrence.

Method: This was a retrospective cohort study of 2,427 women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN2+ who underwent cervical conization using the high-frequency loop electrosurgical excision procedure surgery technique, to analyze the role of endocervical canal length associated with individual factors in the recurrent disease after CIN2+ treatment and determine a cut-off point for the excised canal length needed to decrease the risk of disease relapse.

Results: In 2,427 cases, the relapse rate of HSIL treated was 12%.

Vaginal Microbiome Components as Correlates of Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection.

Background: Interplay between vaginal microbiome and human papillomavirus (HPV) remains unclear, partly due to heterogeneity of microbiota.

Methods: We used data from 546 women enrolled in a cross-sectional study in 5 Brazil. We genotyped vaginal samples for HPV and sequenced V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene for vaginal microbiome analysis.

Inside the pocket: Critical elements of HLA-mediated susceptibility to cervical precancerous lesions.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary cause for cervical cancer (CC), but it also depends on genetic factors, such as HLA polymorphism. However, few reports addressed the role of amino acids residues at the HLA peptide-binding cleft in HPV-related cervical disease. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-DRB1 polymorphism and amino acid residues composing the pockets of the peptide-binding cleft of the respective polypeptide chains with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II/III).

Association Between COVID-19 Pregnant Women Symptoms Severity and Placental Morphologic Features.

Unlabelled: Since the beginning of the pandemic, few papers describe the placenta's morphological and morphometrical features in SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women. Alterations, such as low placental weight, accelerated villous maturation, decidual vasculopathy, infarcts, thrombosis of fetal placental vessels, and chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI), have been described.

Objective: To analyze clinical data and the placental morphological and morphometric changes of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 group) in comparison with the placentas of non-infected pregnant women, matched for maternal age and comorbidities, besides gestational age of delivery (Control group).

SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic pregnant women in South Brazil: RT-PCR and serological detection.

Objectives: This study aims to detect the SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence in asymptomatic pregnant women.

Methods: A group of 195 asymptomatic pregnant women who attended the prenatal care outclinic and to the obstetric emergency department was tested concomitantly for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR and serological tests.

Results: The virus was detected by RT-PCR in two (1.

MICA and KLRK1 genes and their impact in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia development in the southern Brazilian population.

Cervical carcinoma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are associated with persistent infection by oncogenic subtypes of HPV (Human Papillomavirus). Factors linked to immunity, genetics and others like oral contraceptive use, sexual behavior, coinfections with other microorganisms and smoking seem to influence the mechanisms that determine regression or progression to CIN and cervical cancer. We investigated the effect of the MHC class I chain-related gene A (MICA) and Killer Cell Lectin Like receptor K1 (KLRK1) genes on cervical cancer and CIN lesions susceptibility in a group of 195 patients from southern Brazil.

Mycoplasma genitalium, a stealth female reproductive tract.

Mycoplasma genitalium was first isolated from the urethral swabs of two symptomatic men with urethritis in 1980. It is a sexually transmitted bacterium associated with a number of urogenital conditions in women like cervicitis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, M.

Determinants of Acquisition and Clearance of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Previously Unexposed Young Women.

Background: Global variation in human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and persistence may be explained by differences in risk factors, such as sexual activity, oral contraceptive use, and behavioral factors. We evaluated determinants of acquisition and clearance of HPV infection among young women previously unexposed to HPV.

Methods: Five hundred thirty-four women aged 15 to 25 years who were cytology and HPV DNA negative, and seronegative for anti-HPV-16/18 antibodies, were recruited (July 2000-September 2001) from study centers in Brazil, the United States, and Canada (NCT00689741/NCT00120848).

MASP-1 and MASP-2 Serum Levels Are Associated With Worse Prognostic in Cervical Cancer Progression.

MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, MAp-44, and MAp-19) are key factors in the activation of the lectin pathway of complement. Serum levels of these components have been associated with recurrence and poor survival of some types of cancer, such as colorectal and ovarian cancer. In this investigation, we determined the serum levels of MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, MAp-44, and MAp-19 in patients with cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

Methylation in host and viral genes as marker of aggressiveness in cervical lesions: Analysis in 543 unscreened women.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the association between altered methylation and histologically confirmed high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (hgCIN).

Methods: Methylation levels in selected host (CADM1, MAL, DAPK1) and HPV (L1_I, L1_II, L2) genes were measured by pyrosequencing in DNA samples obtained from 543 women recruited in Curitiba (Brazil), 249 with hgCIN and 294 without cervical lesions. Association of methylation status with hgCIN was estimated by Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Women infected with HIV and the impact of associated sexually transmitted infections.

Objective: To review the relationship between concomitant sexually transmitted infections in women infected with HIV.

Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched for articles published in English and Portuguese between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 2015, using relevant keywords, including AIDS, HIV, female genital diseases, and sexually transmitted infections. Articles that associated sexually transmitted infections with HIV-infected women were selected for inclusion.

Mannose-Binding Lectin Does Not Act as a Biomarker for the Progression of Preinvasive Lesions of Invasive Cervical Cancer.

Objective: To evaluate serum concentrations of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in women presenting with different human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical lesions.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 364 women, who underwent screening for cervical cancer or treatment at the Erasto Gaertner Cancer Hospital (HEG), Curitiba, Brazil, were enrolled in the study. Based on the latest cervical colposcopy-guided biopsy results, the women were divided into 4 groups: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN-I (n = 54), CIN-II (n = 72), CIN-III (n = 145), and invasive cancer (n = 93).

Evaluation of Type Replacement Following HPV16/18 Vaccination: Pooled Analysis of Two Randomized Trials.

Background: Current HPV vaccines do not protect against all oncogenic HPV types. Following vaccination, type replacement may occur, especially if different HPV types competitively interact during natural infection. Because of their common route of transmission, it is difficult to assess type interactions in observational studies.

Zika virus and pregnancy: An overview.

In May 2015, the first episodes of Zika virus infection of the Latin America were confirmed in Brazil, where currently 196 976 cases were reported. The main route of transmission occurs by Aedes mosquitoes, and the most common symptoms are maculopapular rash, fever, conjunctivitis, polyarthralgia, and periarticular edema. However, the infection is asymptomatic in 80% of the cases.

Incidence and duration of type-specific human papillomavirus infection in high-risk HPV-naïve women: results from the control arm of a phase II HPV-16/18 vaccine trial.

Objectives: Persistence of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is necessary for cervical carcinogenesis. We evaluated incidence and duration of type-specific HPV infections and the influence of age and number of sexual partners.

Methods: Data were obtained from 553 women (15-25 years), who were seronegative and DNA-negative for high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types and were enrolled in the placebo arm of a randomised trial of the HPV-16/18 vaccine (NCT00689741/NCT00120848).

Prior human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccination prevents recurrent high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after definitive surgical therapy: Post-hoc analysis from a randomized controlled trial.

We evaluated the efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in preventing HPV-related disease after surgery for cervical lesions in a post-hoc analysis of the PApilloma TRIal against Cancer In young Adults (PATRICIA; NCT00122681). Healthy women aged 15-25 years were randomized (1:1) to receive vaccine or control at months 0, 1 and 6 and followed for 4 years. Women were enrolled regardless of their baseline HPV DNA status, HPV-16/18 serostatus, or cytology, but excluded if they had previous or planned colposcopy.

Baby born too soon: an overview and the impact beyond the infection.

Spontaneous preterm delivery, prematurity, and low birth weight due to prematurity account for a great part of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Inflammation may cause preterm labor, with the involvement of different mediators that produce diverse aspects of the inflammatory response. Although bacteria are considered to be the main trigger for intrauterine infection/inflammation, immunological factors also appear to be involved.

Zika virus infection during pregnancy and microcephaly occurrence: a review of literature and Brazilian data.

In November of 2015, the Ministry of Health of Brazil published an announcement confirming the relationship between Zika virus and the microcephaly outbreak in the Northeast, suggesting that infected pregnant women might have transmitted the virus to their fetuses. The objectives of this study were to conduct a literature review about Zika virus infection and microcephaly, evaluate national and international epidemiological data, as well as the current recommendations for the health teams. Zika virus is an arbovirus, whose main vector is the Aedes sp.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine for the prevention of cervical cancer and HPV-related diseases.

Vaccines are available against human papillomavirus (HPV), the causal agent of cervical and other cancers. Efficacy data from the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine clinical trial program were reviewed. Six randomized, controlled phase II/III trials evaluating cervical endpoints enrolled women from diverse populations and geographical locations.