Juvenile Incarceration in an Adult Facility and Violent Victimization During Adulthood.

Introduction: A growing body of research indicates that being incarcerated in an adult jail or prison as a juvenile can elevate one's exposure to adverse childhood experiences, including violent and sexual victimization and neglect, and may lead to several long-term difficulties. This study investigates the relationship between being confined in an adult jail or prison as a minor and experiencing violent victimization as an adult.

Methods: Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 cohort were used in the study.

Barriers to and facilitators of breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening and cancer screening histories of Métis people in Alberta, Canada.

Comprehensive evaluation of cancer screening activities based on individual experiences is urgently needed to address the burden of cancer among Métis people. In this co-designed and co-led study, a cancer screening questionnaire developed for Métis people to evaluate their cancer screening histories and to explore barriers and facilitators to cancer screening was used. Adult Métis Albertans were invited to participate in the anonymous survey through a multi-modal strategy used for community consultations.

The price of dialysis access: Implications of access type and patient-centric approaches to cost.

Purpose: This study explores out-of-pocket (OOP) costs for patients and provider reimbursement for dialysis access creation. It aims to illustrate the financial characteristics of four dialysis access modalities to consider in decision-making for clinicians, patients, and payers.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective data from the Merative™ MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Databases from 2017 to 2022 was analyzed for patients who received an arteriovenous fistula (AVF), arteriovenous graft (AVG), peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC), or percutaneous AVF (pAVF).

Health inequities, bias, and artificial intelligence.

Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain leads to significant healthcare utilization, decreased productivity, and disability globally. Due to its complex etiology, MSK pain is often chronic and challenging to manage effectively. Disparities in pain management-influenced by provider implicit biases and patient race, gender, age, and socioeconomic status-contribute to inconsistent outcomes.

Systemic and local chronic inflammation and hormone disposition promote a tumor-permissive environment for breast cancer in older women.

Unlabelled: Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most common subtype of breast cancer and is an age-related disease. The peak incidence of diagnosis occurs around age 70, even though these post-menopausal patients have low circulating levels of estradiol (E2). Despite the hormone sensitivity of age-related tumors, we have a limited understanding of the interplay between systemic and local hormones, chronic inflammation, and immune changes that contribute to the growth and development of these tumors.

Towards inclusive biodesign and innovation: lowering barriers to entry in medical device development through large language model tools.

In the following narrative review, we discuss the potential role of large language models (LLMs) in medical device innovation, specifically examples using generative pretrained transformer-4. Throughout the biodesign process, LLMs can offer prompt-driven insights, aiding problem identification, knowledge assimilation and decision-making. Intellectual property analysis, regulatory assessment and market analysis emerge as key LLM applications.

Analysis of percutaneous nephrostomy exchange intervals: insights from a retrospective Merative MarketScan analysis between 2009-2021.

Background: Current practices in nephrostomy exchange are guided by institutional or societal expert-consensus rather than evidence-based recommendations.

Objective: To examine the temporal distribution of exchanges and assess whether the observed distributions align with institutional, or expert-recommended guidelines where routine exchanges would be expected to occur within 60-89 days. Non-routine exchanges would be expected to occur either after 60 days or after 89 days.

Creating a Sustainable Foundation for IR Services and Training in Sub-Saharan Africa: 5-Year Update on the Road2IR Initiative.

Purpose: To evaluate the growth and quality of an interventional radiology (IR) training model designed for resource-constrained settings and implemented in Tanzania as well as its overall potential to increase access to minimally invasive procedures across the region.

Materials And Methods: IR training in Tanzania began in October 2018 through monthly deployment of visiting teaching teams for hands-on training combined with in-person and remote lectures. A competency-based 2-year Master of Science in IR curriculum was inaugurated at the nation's main teaching hospital in October 2019, with the first 2 classes graduating in 2021 and 2022.

Implications of Bias in Artificial Intelligence: Considerations for Cardiovascular Imaging.

Purpose Of Review: Bias in artificial intelligence (AI) models can result in unintended consequences. In cardiovascular imaging, biased AI models used in clinical practice can negatively affect patient outcomes. Biased AI models result from decisions made when training and evaluating a model.

Demonstrating the Benefits of Antihypertensive Nighttime Dosing and Indapamide Usage in Hypertension Management.

Uncontrolled hypertension, specifically nocturnal hypertension, increases the risk for significant clinical outcomes. Evidence on the use of nighttime antihypertensives is scant and conflicting. In addition, hydrochlorothiazide continues to be the primary thiazide used despite being the least potent.

Assessing Breast Cancer Screening and Outcomes Among First Nations Women in Alberta.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) incidence rates for First Nations (FN) women in Canada have been steadily increasing and are often diagnosed at a later stage. Despite efforts to expand the reach of BC screening programs for FN populations in Alberta (AB), gaps in screening and outcomes exist.

Methods: Existing population-based administrative databases including the AB BC Screening Program, the AB Cancer Registry, and an AB-specific FN registry data were linked to evaluate BC screening participation, detection, and timeliness of outcomes in this retrospective study.

Identifying and improving the "ground truth" of race in disparities research through improved EMR data reporting. A systematic review.

Background: Studies about racial disparities in healthcare are increasing in quantity; however, they are subject to vast differences in definition, classification, and utilization of race/ethnicity data. Improved standardization of this information can strengthen conclusions drawn from studies using such data. The objective of this study is to examine how data related to race/ethnicity are recorded in research through examining articles on race/ethnicity health disparities and examine problems and solutions in data reporting that may impact overall data quality.

Percutaneous Robotics in Interventional Radiology.

The accuracy of the robotic device not only relies on a reproducible needle advancement, but also on the possibility to correct target movement at chosen checkpoints and to deviate from a linear to a nonlinear trajectory. We report our experience in using the robotic device for the insertion of trocar needles in CT guided procedures. The majority of procedures were targeted organ biopsies in the chest abdomen or pelvis.

Creating and Implementing a Community Engagement Strategy for the 2022-2027 Illinois Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan Through an Academic-State Public Health Department Partnership.

Introduction: Comprehensive cancer control (CCC) plans are state-level blueprints that identify regional cancer priorities and health equity strategies. Coalitions are encouraged to engage with community members, advocacy groups, people representing multiple sectors, and working partners throughout the development process. We describe the community and legislative engagement strategy developed and implemented during 2020-2022 for the 2022-2027 Illinois CCC plan.

Uterine artery embolization in Tanzania: a procedure with major public health implications.

Background: The burden of uterine fibroids is substantial in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with up to 80% of black women harboring them in their lifetime. While uterine artery embolization (UAE) has emerged as an effective alternative to surgery to manage this condition, the procedure is not available to the vast majority of women living in SSA due to limited access to interventional radiology (IR) in the region. One of the few countries in SSA now offering UAE in a public hospital setting is Tanzania.

Fusion of imaging and non-imaging data for disease trajectory prediction for coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

Purpose: Our study investigates whether graph-based fusion of imaging data with non-imaging electronic health records (EHR) data can improve the prediction of the disease trajectories for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) beyond the prediction performance of only imaging or non-imaging EHR data.

Approach: We present a fusion framework for fine-grained clinical outcome prediction [discharge, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or death] that fuses imaging and non-imaging information using a similarity-based graph structure. Node features are represented by image embedding, and edges are encoded with clinical or demographic similarity.

Decoding radiology reports: Potential application of OpenAI ChatGPT to enhance patient understanding of diagnostic reports.

Purpose: To evaluate the complexity of diagnostic radiology reports across major imaging modalities and the ability of ChatGPT (Early March 2023 Version, OpenAI, California, USA) to simplify these reports to the 8th grade reading level of the average U.S. adult.

Mapping genetic effects on cell type-specific chromatin accessibility and annotating complex immune trait variants using single nucleus ATAC-seq in peripheral blood.

Gene regulation is highly cell type-specific and understanding the function of non-coding genetic variants associated with complex traits requires molecular phenotyping at cell type resolution. In this study we performed single nucleus ATAC-seq (snATAC-seq) and genotyping in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 13 individuals. Clustering chromatin accessibility profiles of 96,002 total nuclei identified 17 immune cell types and sub-types.

Graph-based Fusion Modeling and Explanation forDisease Trajectory Prediction.

We propose a relational graph to incorporate clinical similarity between patients while building personalized clinical event predictors with a focus on hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Our graph formation process fuses heterogeneous data, i.e.

Contemporary Management of Blunt Liver Trauma: An Analysis of the Trauma Quality Improvement Program Registry (2007-2019).

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of management strategies for blunt liver injuries in adult patients.

Materials And Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with blunt liver injuries registered via the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2007-2019) were identified. Management strategies initiated within 24 hours of hospital presentation were classified as nonoperative management (NOM), embolization, surgery, or combination therapy.

Type 1 diabetes risk genes mediate pancreatic beta cell survival in response to proinflammatory cytokines.

We combined functional genomics and human genetics to investigate processes that affect type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk by mediating beta cell survival in response to proinflammatory cytokines. We mapped 38,931 cytokine-responsive candidate regulatory elements (cCREs) in beta cells using ATAC-seq and snATAC-seq and linked them to target genes using co-accessibility and HiChIP. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen in EndoC-βH1 cells, we identified 867 genes affecting cytokine-induced survival, and genes promoting survival and up-regulated in cytokines were enriched at T1D risk loci.

Fostering an inclusive workplace for LGBTQIA+ people in radiology and radiation oncology.

The inclusion and celebration of LGBTQIA+ staff in radiology and radiation oncology departments is crucial in developing a diverse and thriving workplace. Despite the substantial social change in Australia, LGBTQIA+ people still experience harassment and exclusion, negatively impacting their well-being and workplace productivity. We need to be proactive in creating policies that are properly implemented and translate to a safe and inclusive space for marginalised groups.

Data supporting a saturation mutagenesis assay for Tat-driven transcription with the GigaAssay.

The data in this article are associated with the research paper "GigaAssay - an adaptable high-throughput saturation mutagenesis assay" [1]. The raw data are sequence reads of HIV-1 cDNA amplified from cellular genomic DNA in a new single-pot saturation mutagenesis assay designated the "GigaAssay". A bioinformatic pipeline and parameters used to analyze the data.