The Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Exhibits Anticataract Activity in Sprague Dawley Rat.

In Africa, is used folklorically for the management of the multitude of conditions including cataract, which accounts for 50% of cases of blindness in the region. The current study set out to probe the traditional use of the aqueous extract of stem bark (ABE) as an anticataract remedy using Sprague Dawley rat models. We investigated the probable phytochemical constituents in the extract, antioxidant potential, and its aldose reductase inhibition.

Acetic acid-induced colitis modulating potential of total crude alkaloidal extract of Picralima nitida seeds in rats.

Purpose: The total crude alkaloidal extract of Picralima nitida seeds (PNE) is known to possess anti-inflammatory activity among other therapeutic benefits although its benefits in colitis has not been investigated. The current study therefore seeks to investigate the anti-colitis potential of PNE using acetic acid-induced colitis model in rats.

Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were treated with oral 500 mg/kg sulphasalazine or 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg of PNE daily for 8 days with induction of colitis on the fourth day with acetic acid.

Anticataract Effect of the Aqueous Extract of the Flowers of in Murine Model of Diabetic and Age-Related Cataracts.

Background: The use of in traditional medicine for the management of ocular diseases has been reported in India and some indigenous communities of Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the aqueous extract of the flowers of . (AAE) as an anticataract remedy using murine models of diabetic and senile cataracts.

Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Hutch and Dalziel Inhibits Carrageenan-Induced Foot Oedema in Chicks, Prostaglandin E-Induced Paw Oedema in Mice, and Bradykinin-Induced Paw Oedema in Mice.

Background: Hutch and Dalziel (Fam. Boraginaceae) is a woody plant found in west tropical Africa. The aim of this research is to find out if the leaf extract of this plant prevents oedema in animal models.

Anti-Arthritic Effect of the Hydroethanolic Root Extract of in Rats.

Background: In Ghana, decoctions of various parts of , Bridson (Rubiaceae) are employed in the management of inflammatory conditions. However, not much scientific data is available to back such folkloric use of the plant. This study, therefore, seeks to investigate the chronic anti-inflammatory activity of hydroethanolic root extract of (PSRE) using the adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats.

Coadministration of Stigmasterol and Dexamethasone (STIG+DEX) Modulates Steroid-Resistant Asthma.

Airway inflammation in asthma is managed with anti-inflammatory steroids such as dexamethasone (DEX). However, about 20% of asthmatics do not respond to this therapy and are classified as steroid-resistant. Currently, no effective therapy is available for steroid-resistant asthma.

Inflammation Modulating Activity of the Hydroethanol Stem Bark Extract of in Murine Models.

(Bombacaceae) is traditionally used as a decoction of the leaves, stem, and root to treat headaches, fever, and oedema that may be associated with inflammatory conditions. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 70%/ ethanolic extract of the stem bark of on acute and chronic inflammation. The effect of extract (10, 50, 100 mg kg, p.

Hydro-ethanol extract of Holarrhena floribunda stem bark exhibits anti-anaphylactic and anti-oedematogenic effects in murine models of acute inflammation.

Background: Holarrhena floribunda (G.Don) T.Durand & Schinz stem bark has anecdotal use in Ghanaian folk medicine for the management of inflammatory conditions.

Xylopic Acid Suppresses Adjuvant-induced Arthritis in Sprague Dawley Rats via Reduction in Serum Levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha.

Background: Xylopic acid (XA) is the principal constituent obtained from the biofractionation of the dried fruits of Xylopia aethiopica. Our initial reports have established the acute anti-inflammatory activity of this kaurene diterpene.

Objective: Currently, we investigate the chronic anti-inflammatory activity of xylopic acid.

Regulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB activities may contribute to the anti-inflammatory mechanism of xylopic acid.

Xylopic acid (XA) is a kaurene diterpene which naturally exists in African plants such as Xylopia aethiopica. It has been established to exhibit acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activities from our earlier studies. This current work sets out to shed light on the potential molecular target(s) of xylopic acid.

Endocannabinoid system and its modulation of brain, gut, joint and skin inflammation.

The discovery of endogenous cannabinoid receptors CB and CB and their endogenous ligands has generated interest in the endocannabinoid system and has contributed to the understanding of the role of the endocannabinoid system. Its role in the normal physiology of the body and its implication in pathological states such as cardiovascular diseases, neoplasm, depression and pain have been subjects of scientific interest. In this review the authors focus on the endogenous cannabinoids, and the critical role of cannabinoid receptor signaling in neurodegeneration and other inflammatory responses such as gut, joint and skin inflammation.

Solid-lipid nanoparticle formulation improves antiseizure action of cryptolepine.

Following the high treatment gap and massive impact of epilepsy on global health particularly in low- and middle-income countries, our study aims to investigate cryptolepine, the major alkaloid of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta as well as its solid-lipid nanoparticle formulation for potential antiseizure activity. Cryptolepine was isolated and a solid-lipid formulation was prepared. Antiseizure activity of Solid-Lipid Nanoparticle formulation of cryptolepine (SLN-CRYP) was investigated using Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced model of seizure-like behaviors in Zebrafish with 2.

Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Sprague Dawley Rats Is Suppressed by Hydroethanolic Extract of Leaves through Reduced Serum Levels of TNF- and IL-6.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes long-lasting inflammation on the innermost lining of the colon and rectum. Leaf decoctions of have been used in traditional medicine either alone or in combination with other plant preparations to treat the disease.

Aim: In this study, we investigated the effect of hydroethanolic extract of have been used in traditional medicine either alone or in combination with other plant preparations to treat the disease.

Potential effects of xylopic acid on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats.

Background/aims: Xylopic acid (XA) has been reported to exhibit analgesic activity, alleviate neuropathic pain in rodents, and demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects. Intrarectal challenge of rats with acetic acid induces colitis that bears resemblance in terms of its pathogenesis, histopathology, and inflammatory profile to that in humans. Reactive oxygen species are implicated as the main driving force in this inflammatory bowel disease.

Allergic Airway-Induced Hypersensitivity Is Attenuated by Bergapten in Murine Models of Inflammation.

Bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen, 5-MOP) is a plant-derived furocoumarin with demonstrated anti-inflammatory action. The present study investigated its effects on allergic inflammation in two related pathways of mast cell degranulation. Compound 48/80 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to activate the IgE-independent pathway while bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as allergen for the IgE-dependent pathway.

Stigmasterol Alleviates Cutaneous Allergic Responses in Rodents.

The therapeutic potential of stigmasterol, a natural steroid alcohol with established immune-modulatory properties, was assessed on allergic cutaneous responses. We examined its suppressive effect on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA), compound 48/80 (C48/80)-induced pruritus, and irritant dermatitis induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Stigmasterol at 10-100 mg/kg significantly inhibited ACA with reduction in reaction area and concentration of the extravasated Evans blue dye.

Antipleuritic and Vascular Permeability Inhibition of the Ethyl Acetate-Petroleum Ether Stem Bark Extract of DC (Capparaceae) in Murine.

has been used traditionally in the management of pain, arthritis, and rheumatism in Ghana and Nigeria but no scientific evidence is currently available to give credence to its folkloric use. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of a stem bark extract of DC (MAE) in acute inflammatory models. The effects of MAE (30-300 mg kg) on neutrophil infiltration, exudate volume, and endogenous antioxidant enzymes in lung tissues and lung morphology were evaluated with the carrageenan induced pleurisy model in Sprague Dawley rats.

The acute anti-inflammatory action of xylopic acid isolated from Xylopia aethiopica.

Background Our earlier studies had given evidence of the traditional application of Xylopia aethiopica in the management of inflammation. The principal constituent obtained from its bio-fractionation is xylopic acid. It is a crystalline diterpene that belongs to the class of kauranes.

Stigmasterol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced innate immune responses in murine models.

Stigmasterol is a naturally occurring steroid alcohol which occurs in vegetables, soya and a large variety of medicinal plants. Stigmasterol and other phytosterols have been documented as immunomodulators with huge therapeutic potential. We assessed the mitigating effect of stigmasterol on non-fatal and fatal innate immune responses in murine models after intraperitoneal challenge with an endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide, LPS.

The Ethanolic Stem-Bark Extract of Inhibits Carrageenan-Induced Pleurisy and Pedal Oedema in Murine Models of Inflammation.

We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a 70% v/v ethanol extract of the stem bark of on murine models of carrageenan-induced pleurisy and paw oedema. Rat pleural fluid was analysed for volume, protein content, and leucocytes, while lung histology was assessed for damage. Lung tissue homogenates were assayed for glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO).

Stigmasterol Modulates Allergic Airway Inflammation in Guinea Pig Model of Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma.

We explored the potential benefits of stigmasterol in the treatment of asthma, an airway disorder characterized by immune pathophysiology and with an ever-increasing worldwide prevalence. We assessed the modulatory effect of the intraperitoneal administration of stigmasterol on experimentally induced airway inflammation in guinea pigs. The effect of stigmasterol on inflammatory cell proliferation, oxidative stress, lung histopathology, and remodeling was investigated.

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review of (Lindl.) Schlechter.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: is a scrambling thin-stemmed shrub found in Africa. Traditionally in West Africa, it is employed in the treatment of malaria, diarrhea, and respiratory conditions. This review discusses the traditional importance as well as the phytochemical, ethnomedical, pharmacological, and toxicological importance of this plant.

Margaritaria discoidea (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark extract attenuates allergy and Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rodents.

Background: Various parts of Margaritaria discoidea find use in traditional medicine in the treatment of pain and oedema. This study evaluated the anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of a 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol extract of the stem bark of Margaritaria discoidea, MDE in rodents.

Materials And Methods: Systemic anaphylaxis was induced by the injection of compound 48/80 into mice and their survival rate was monitored to evaluate the anti-allergic action of the extract.

Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae) fruit extract suppresses Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Xylopia aethiopica is used in a decoction of the dried fruit to treat bronchitis, asthma, arthritis, rheumatism, headache, neuralgia and colic pain. The aim of the study is to evaluate the anti-arthritic effects of a 70% aqueous ethanol extract of the fruit of Xylopia aethiopica in a chronic inflammatory model.

Materials And Methods: Adjuvant arthritis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intraplantar injection of Complete Freund's adjuvant into the right hind paw.

Antiallergic and Antiarthritic Effects of Stem Bark Extract of Glyphaea brevis (Spreng) Monachino (Tiliaceae) in Murine Models.

Background. Various parts of Glyphaea brevis (Spreng) Monachino (Tiliaceae) find a use in traditional medicine in the treatment of pain and oedema among others. This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and antiarthritic effects of a 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol extract of the stem bark of Glyphaea brevis in murine models.