Evaluation of Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome Across Different Surgeons, Surgical Techniques, and Postoperative Protocols: A Multi-institutional Study.

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is frequently treated arthroscopically with osteoplasty and labral repair. Surgical preferences vary in terms of equipment, technique, and postoperative protocol. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are valuable tools to assess outcomes across different institutions.

Modeling and simulation credibility assessments of whole-body finite element computational models for use in NASA extravehicular activity applications.

Computational finite element (FE) models are used in suited astronaut injury risk assessments; however, these models' verification, validation, and credibility (VV&C) procedures for simulating injuries in altered gravity environments are limited. Our study conducts VV&C assessments of THUMS and Elemance whole-body FE models for predicting suited astronaut injury biomechanics using eight credibility factors, as per NASA-STD-7009A. Credibility factor ordinal scores are assigned by reviewing existing documentation describing VV&C practices, and credibility sufficiency thresholds are assigned based on input from subject matter experts.

Effect of Active Muscles on Astronaut Kinematics and Injury Risk for Piloted Lunar Landing and Launch While Standing.

While astronauts may pilot future lunar landers in a standing posture, the response of the human body under lunar launch and landing-related dynamic loading conditions is not well understood. It is important to consider the effects of active muscles under these loading conditions as muscles stabilize posture while standing. In the present study, astronaut response for a piloted lunar mission in a standing posture was simulated using an active human body model (HBM) with a closed-loop joint-angle based proportional integral derivative controller muscle activation strategy and compared with a passive HBM to understand the effects of active muscles on astronaut body kinematics and injury risk.

Effects of Standing, Upright Seated, vs. Reclined Seated Postures on Astronaut Injury Biomechanics for Lunar Landings.

Astronauts may pilot a future lunar lander in a standing or upright/reclined seated posture. This study compared kinematics and injury risk for the upright/reclined (30°; 60°) seated vs. standing postures for lunar launch/landing using human body modeling across 30 simulations.

Development and Validation of an Active Muscle Simplified Finite Element Human Body Model in a Standing Posture.

Active muscles play an important role in postural stabilization, and muscle-induced joint stiffening can alter the kinematic response of the human body, particularly that of the lower extremities, under dynamic loading conditions. There are few full-body human body finite element models with active muscles in a standing posture. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop and validate the M50-PS+Active model, an average-male simplified human body model in a standing posture with active musculature.

Simulated Astronaut Kinematics and Injury Risk for Piloted Lunar Landings and Launches While Standing.

During future lunar missions, astronauts may be required to pilot vehicles while standing, and the associated kinematic and injury response is not well understood. In this study, we used human body modeling to predict unsuited astronaut kinematics and injury risk for piloted lunar launches and landings in the standing posture. Three pulses (2-5 g; 10-150 ms rise times) were applied in 10 directions (vertical; ± 10-degree offsets) for a total of 30 simulations.

Effect of a Multi-Ingredient Supplement Designed to Regulate Mood on Physiological and Psychological Outcomes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Stress is inevitable in college, and many students utilize alternatives to professional help such as supplements to manage stress, anxiety, or depression. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a multi-ingredient supplement (MIS) in supporting optimal mood balance and reducing daily stress among healthy collegiate-aged students (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05109923).

Association of Exercise and Swimming Goggles With Modulation of Cerebro-ocular Hemodynamics and Pressures in a Model of Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome.

Importance: Astronauts on International Space Station missions demonstrate adverse neuro-ocular changes. Reversing a negative translaminar pressure gradient (TLPG) by modulating cerebral blood flow, decreasing intracranial pressure, or increasing intraocular pressure (IOP) has been proposed as potential intervention for spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS).

Objective: To examine whether exercise (resistance, moderate-intensity aerobic, and high-intensity aerobic) or artificially increasing IOP is associated with modulated cerebro-ocular hemodynamic and pressure changes during head-down tilt (HDT), an analogue of spaceflight, in healthy adults.

Estimated antimicrobial dispensing frequency and preferences for lactating cow therapy by Ontario dairy veterinarians.

In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from responses to a questionnaire on dispensing frequencies of antimicrobials used by dairy practitioners in Ontario in dairy cattle in 2001. Data were validated through clinical case scenarios. Respondents reported using antimicrobials across all categories of importance to human medicine (medically important, Categories I to III) with a diversity of treatment combinations and routes of administration.

The effects of periparturient administration of flunixin meglumine on the health and production of dairy cattle.

Research on the assessment and management of pain in cows following difficult or assisted calving is still limited, especially on the effects of analgesics intended to mitigate this pain. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of flunixin meglumine on the health and production of Holstein cows after calving. In total, 34 flunixin-treated and 38 placebo-treated animals were enrolled in a precalving treatment trial.

Biomechanical analysis of spasticity treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: New metrics for clinical spasticity are needed to assess motor performance, since scales such as the Ashworth and Tardieu are unreliable. Here, we assessed outcomes of baclofen treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using biomechanical analysis of voluntary movements.

Methods: Patients with MS and symptomatic limb spasticity were recruited for a pre-post baclofen titration study, along with age-matched healthy controls.

Antimicrobial dispensing by Ontario dairy veterinarians.

This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was designed to capture the demographics of dairy practitioners in Ontario and to describe aspects of antimicrobial dispensing on-farm and over-the-counter by these veterinarians. The information collected revealed that the prescription status of a drug and the level of veterinary-client-patient relationship were important elements of dispensing policies. Over-the-counter dispensing records were incomplete, while only a small proportion of on-farm dispensing records contained pertinent information and directions as required by the Veterinarians Act.

Factors associated with survival in the herd for dairy cows following surgery to correct left displaced abomasum.

Left displaced abomasum (LDA) is a common problem in dairy cows. There have been numerous studies focused on predicting prognosis for right displaced abomasal corrective surgery, but a paucity of studies exist focused on more common LDA surgeries. Our objective was to determine if survival to 60 d or 1 yr after surgery could be predicted from the physical exam findings, periparturient disease status, and a biochemical profile from a blood sample obtained at the time of LDA diagnosis.

Evaluation of the effects of treating dairy cows with meloxicam at calving on retained fetal membranes risk.

Some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of retained fetal membranes. This is the first study to investigate the effects of meloxicam on the risk of retained fetal membranes. Administration of meloxicam to dairy cattle immediately following calving revealed no differences in the incidence of retained fetal membranes between meloxicam-treated and untreated animals.

Investigation of the THOR Anthropomorphic Test Device for Predicting Occupant Injuries during Spacecraft Launch Aborts and Landing.

The objective of this study was to investigate new methods for predicting injury from expected spaceflight dynamic loads by leveraging a broader range of available information in injury biomechanics. Although all spacecraft designs were considered, the primary focus was the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Orion capsule, as the authors have the most knowledge and experience related to this design. The team defined a list of critical injuries and selected the THOR anthropomorphic test device as the basis for new standards and requirements.

An investigation of the effects of ketoprofen following rumen fistulation surgery in lactating dairy cows.

Post-operative pain management following rumen surgery is not common practice. We examined the effect of providing the pain medication ketoprofen to dairy cattle following the first stage of a rumen cannulation surgery, which involves an incision in the body wall and exteriorizing and clamping the rumen. The results of this study provide clear evidence that the first stage of the surgery was painful and ketoprofen at the time of and 24 h following surgery, alleviated some, but not all, of the post-surgical pain.

Assessing biofidelity of the Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) against historic human volunteer data.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is interested in characterizing the responses of THOR (test device for human occupant restraint) anthropometric test device (ATD) to representative loading acceleration pulses. Test conditions were selected both for their applicability to anticipated NASA landing scenarios, and for comparison to human volunteer data previously collected by the United States Air Force (USAF). THOR impact testing was conducted in the fore-to-aft frontal (-x) and in the upward spinal (-z) directions with peak sled accelerations ranging from 8 to 12 G and rise times of 40, 70, and 100ms.

Short communication: a comparison of 2 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs following the first stage of a 2-stage fistulation surgery in dry dairy cows.

Postoperative pain and its management following fistulation surgery in cattle are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to compare 2 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) as potential postoperative pain management treatments following the first stage of a 2-stage fistulation surgery. A randomized complete block design trial was conducted in dry Holstein cows (n=10) following fistulation surgery.

Effects of meloxicam on milk production, behavior, and feed intake in dairy cows following assisted calving.

Parturition is a necessary event for production in dairy cattle, and assistance at calving is common. There is limited use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for the alleviation of calving pain and a paucity of research on the effects of these drugs on postpartum health and performance. This randomized triple blind clinical trial involved Holstein cows (n=42) and heifers (n=61) that experienced an assisted parturition.

Short communication: use of a mechanical brush by Holstein dairy cattle around parturition.

Grooming is a normal behavior that may contribute to relief of stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of access to a mechanical brush on auto-grooming behavior in parturient cows. The hypothesis was that cows would increase the total time spent scratching using the brush if they had access to a brush around the time of calving, whereas auto-grooming would be lower for the brush group compared with the no-brush group.

The effect of administering ketoprofen on the physiology and behavior of dairy cows following surgery to correct a left displaced abomasum.

Surgical correction of left displaced abomasum (LDA) is common in lactating dairy cattle. Despite the growing acceptance that abdominal surgery is painful, few cows are administered analgesia following LDA surgery. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of administering a label dose of ketoprofen on physiological and behavioral indicators of pain in dairy cattle.

Inter-limb transfer of learned ankle movements.

Inter-limb learning transfer (ILT) between the upper-limbs has been well documented, but no corresponding study of the lower limbs has been done. We investigated ILT in the lower limbs of subjects who learned to move a cursor toward targets within 800 ms using ankle movements: plantar/dorsi-flexion and inversion/eversion. Twenty-two healthy right-dominant subjects were divided into two groups: half performed the tasks first using the right foot (group RL), and the other half performed it first with the left foot (group LR).

Pharmacokinetics of morphine and its metabolites in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

In this study, we injected morphine sulfate IP into rainbow trout and measured the concentration of morphine and all potential metabolites in plasma using LC-MS/MS at a series of times after the injection. The pharmacokinetics of morphine were similar to those previously reported for seawater-acclimated rainbow trout, i.e.

Cardiorespiratory effects and efficacy of morphine sulfate in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus).

Objective: To assess the cardiorespiratory effects of morphine sulfate and evaluate whether morphine blocks cardiac responses to a noxious stimulus in winter flounder.

Animals: 42 winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) that were acclimated at 10 degrees C.

Procedures: Each fish was fitted with a Doppler flow probe around the ventral aorta; cannulae were placed for injection of drug or saline (0.