Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Services for HIV Prevention, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020.

Beginning in March 2020, to reduce COVID-19 transmission, the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief supporting voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services was delayed in 15 sub-Saharan African countries. We reviewed performance indicators to compare the number of VMMCs performed in 2020 with those performed in previous years. In all countries, the annual number of VMMCs performed decreased 32.

Tuberculosis among Children and Adolescents at HIV Treatment Centers in Sub-Saharan Africa.

HIV-infected children and adolescents are at increased risk for tuberculosis (TB). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces TB risk in HIV-infected adults, but its effectiveness in HIV-infected children and adolescents is unknown. We analyzed data from 7 integrated pediatric HIV/TB centers in 6 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

Correlates of HIV infection in adolescent girls and young women in Lesotho: results from a population-based survey.

Background: HIV acquisition remains high among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW, aged 15-24 years) in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to estimate prevalence and incidence of HIV in AGYW and to identify correlates of HIV infection by using data from the Lesotho Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (LePHIA).

Methods: LePHIA was a nationally representative survey of adults and children based on a multistage cluster sampling method with random selection of enumeration areas and households.

Early Pregnancy Maternal Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Risk of Gestational Diabetes.

Aims: We investigated associations of serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We also examined whether pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity status or leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) modify these associations.

Methods: In a nested case-control study (173 GDM cases and 187 controls) among participants of a pregnancy cohort, early pregnancy (16 weeks of gestation, on average) serum HGF was measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay.

Evaluating New Definitions of Acute and Early HIV Infection from HIV Surveillance Data.

Background: The U.S. HIV staging system is being revised to more comprehensively track early and acute HIV infection (AHI).

Association of retinol binding protein 4 with risk of gestational diabetes.

Aim: We investigated association of maternal retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) with risk of gestational diabetes (GDM).

Methods: GDM cases (N=173) and controls (N=187) were selected from among participants of a cohort study of risk factors of pregnancy complications. Early pregnancy (16 weeks on average) serum RBP4 concentration was measured using an ELISA-based immunoassay.

Short sleep duration, complaints of vital exhaustion and perceived stress are prevalent among pregnant women with mood and anxiety disorders.

Background: Psychiatric disorders have been associated with sleep disorders in men and non-pregnant women, but little is known about sleep complaints and disorders among pregnant women with psychiatric disorders.

Methods: A cohort of 1,332 women was interviewed during early pregnancy. We ascertained psychiatric diagnosis status and collect information about sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, vital exhaustion and perceived stress.

Association of Age at Menarche and Menstrual Characteristics with Adult Onset Asthma among Reproductive Age Women.

Background: Observations of increasing asthma incidence, decreasing age at menarche, and common risk factors have led investigators to hypothesize potential associations of age at menarche or menstrual characteristics with incidence of adult onset asthma. We evaluated these associations among reproductive age women.

Methods: Study participants were selected from among women enrolled in a pregnancy cohort study.

Associations of asthma with body mass index and adult weight change among reproductive age women.

Objective: To evaluate the cross-sectional relationship between asthma and pre-gravid body mass index (BMI), and to assess the risk of adult weight change among women with history of asthma diagnosed in childhood or adulthood, respectively.

Study Design: Study participants were 3737 pregnant women enrolled in a cohort study. Information on history of asthma, pre-gravid BMI, adult weight change (difference between BMI at age 18 and pre-gravid BMI), and other sociodemographic characteristics was collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires.