Honey bees and climate explain viral prevalence in wild bee communities on a continental scale.

Viruses are omnipresent, yet the knowledge on drivers of viral prevalence in wild host populations is often limited. Biotic factors, such as sympatric managed host species, as well as abiotic factors, such as climatic variables, are likely to impact viral prevalence. Managed and wild bees, which harbor several multi-host viruses with a mostly fecal-oral between-species transmission route, provide an excellent system with which to test for the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on viral prevalence in wild host populations.

studies on inhibition capability of fungal-sourced bassiatin versus tamoxifen against ERα, EGFR and VEGFR on breast cancer cells.

Bassiatin which is produced by some fungi, is morpholine-based depsipeptide. Recent studies show that bassiatin inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation with its anti-oestrogenic effect. In this study, bassiatin's inhibition versus Tamoxifen was examined by comparing the effects on epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in addition to oestrogen receptor on breast cells.

[The prevalance of Enterobius vermicularis in primary school which have different socioecomic level in Ankara].

Objective: In this study, the prevalence of E. vermicularis and its relation with socioeconomic level, age, race, gender, mother's and father's educational level, income status, and housing type were investigated among 1729 students who were between ages 6-12 at 8 different elementary schools (Eryaman Türkkent, Tahsin Şahinkaya, Şahin, Beytepe, Azmi Ertuğrul, Ege, Semiha İsen, Samime Talat Primary School) in Kazan, Etimesgut, Çankaya, Pursaklar, Mamak, and Sincan in Ankara.

Methods: A questionnaire form and cellophane-taped slides with locked bags were provided for students between November 2010 and May 2011.

[Distribution of Enterobius vermicularis among the schoolchildren of two primary schools with different social-economic status in the Ankara province].

In this study, 207 cellophane-tape specimens were taken from children at two different primary schools in Ankara province. Twenty two out of 207 samples were positive for Enterobius vermicularis (10.6%).

Ecological characterization of Steinernema anatoliense (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae).

Our study describes the basic ecological characteristics of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema anatoliense including its response to temperature, moisture, and host range. The effect of temperature and soil moisture on the infection of Galleria mellonella larvae by S. anatoliense was determined.

Bursaphelenchus anatolius n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), an Associate of Bees in the Genus Halictus.

Bursaphelenchus anatolius n. sp., a phoretic associate of Halictus bees from Ankara, Turkey, is described and illustrated.

Two new subspecies of Photorhabdus luminescens, isolated from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae): Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kayaii subsp. nov. and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. thracensis subsp. nov.

Bacterial isolates from nematodes from Turkish soil samples were initially characterized by molecular methods and seven members of the genus Photorhabdus identified to the species level, using riboprint analyses and metabolic properties. Strain 07-5 (DSM 15195) was highly related to the type strain of Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii DSM 15139T, and was regarded a strain of this subspecies.

A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema anatoliense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), from Turkey.

A description is given of Steinernema anatoliense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), an entomopathogenic nematode isolated from soil samples collected in the locality of Kars, East Anatolia, Turkey.