Utilization of Ficus carica leaves as a heterogeneous catalyst for production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil.

Biodiesel appears to be a possible substitute for non-renewable fossil fuels; however, its production requires the presence of a catalyst to accelerate the reaction. Serving the purpose of finding effective, cheap and environmentally safe, heterogeneous catalysts, this research used the fig leaves in three different forms, calcined, activated by KOH, and activated by both KCO and CaCO. Their efficiency in biodiesel synthesis, from spent cooking oil, was examined and compared with that of activated carbon which has been previously investigated.

Electrocatalytic degradation and minimization of specific energy consumption of synthetic azo dye from wastewater by anodic oxidation process with an emphasis on enhancing economic efficiency and reaction mechanism.

This work focused on the knowledge-based methodology for the development of an electrochemical system, enabling simultaneous optimization of various operating parameters such as current density (j), initial dye concentration (C), NaCl concentration (C) for the mineralization of Reactive Violet 2 (RV-2) and Acid Brown 14 (AB-14) dye on the efficiency of removal, energy consumption (EC), Chemical Oxygen Demands (COD), apparent rate constants (k) and Electrical Energy per Order (E) all of which have been examined. The relationship between k and E is also discussed. The degradation efficiency and k always rising at higher j and lower C and C while EC, E, and operating cost increased at higher j, C and C.