Resting energy expenditure during spinal cord injury rehabilitation and utility of fat-free mass-based energy prediction equations: a pilot study.

Study Design: Longitudinal observational study. Measurements were undertaken between weeks 4-6 post-spinal cord injury (SCI), repeated at week 8 and every 4 weeks thereafter until week 20 or rehabilitation discharge, whichever occurred first.

Objectives: Observe variation in measured resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition in males undergoing SCI rehabilitation, compare REE with SCI-specific prediction equations incorporating fat-free mass (FFM), and explore the prevalence of clinical factors that may influence individual REE.

Muscle deoxygenation during ramp incremental cycle exercise in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: To explore profiles of fractional O extraction (using near-infrared spectroscopy) during ramp incremental cycling in older individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Twelve individuals with T2D (mean ± SD, age: 63 ± 3 years) and 12 healthy controls (mean age: 65 ± 3 years) completed a ramp cycling exercise. Rates of muscle deoxygenation (i.

Effect of supplements/intensive nutrition on pressure ulcer healing: a multicentre, randomised controlled study.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of an intensive nutrition intervention or use of wound healing supplements compared with standard nutritional care in pressure ulcer (PU) healing in hospitalised patients.

Method: Adult patients with a Stage II or greater PU and predicted length of stay (LOS) of at least seven days were eligible for inclusion in this pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial (RCT). Patients with a PU were randomised to receive either: standard nutritional care (n=46); intensive nutritional care delivered by a dietitian (n=42); or standard care plus provision of a wound healing nutritional formula (n=43).

A longitudinal analysis of resting energy expenditure and body composition in people with spinal cord injury undergoing surgical repair of pressure injuries: a pilot study.

Background: Data informing energy needs of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and pressure injuries are scarce, the impact of surgical repair unknown, and the role of body composition in healing unexplored. The study aims were to investigate resting energy expenditure (REE) over the course of pressure injury surgical repair, compare with available energy prediction equations, and explore associations between body composition and wound healing.

Methods: Indirect calorimetry measured REE pre-surgery, post-surgery, at suture removal and hospital discharge.

Low-volume HIIT and MICT speed V̇o kinetics during high-intensity "work-to-work" cycling with a similar time-course in type 2 diabetes.

We assessed the rates of adjustment in oxygen uptake (V̇o) and muscle deoxygenation [i.e., deoxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin, (HHb + Mb)] during the on-transition to high-intensity cycling initiated from an elevated baseline (work-to-work, w-to-w) before training and at , , , and of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Application of Synchrotron Radiation-Based Micro-Analysis on Cadmium Yellows in Pablo Picasso's .

The cultural heritage community is increasingly exploring synchrotron radiation (SR) based techniques for the study of art and archaeological objects. When considering heterogeneous and complex micro-samples, such as those from paintings, the combination of different SR X-ray techniques is often exploited to overcome the intrinsic limitations and sensitivity of the single technique. Less frequently, SR X-ray analyses are combined with SR micro-photoluminescence or micro-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, which provide complementary information on the molecular composition, offering a unique integrated analysis approach.

A Critical Review on the Analysis of Metal Soaps in Oil Paintings.

Up to 70 % of the oil paintings conserved in collections present metal soaps, which result from the chemical reaction between metal ions present in the painted layers and free fatty acids from the lipidic binders. In recent decades, conservators and conservation scientists have been systematically identifying various and frequent conservation problems that can be linked to the formation of metal soaps. It is also increasingly recognized that metal soap formation may not compromise the integrity of paint so there is a need for careful assessment of the implications of metal soaps for conservation.

Epigastric symptom response to low FODMAP dietary advice compared with standard dietetic advice in individuals with functional dyspepsia.

Background: Certain dietary constituents may provoke symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD); however, there is an absence of dietary trials testing specific dietary interventions. Empirically derived dietary strategies and the low FODMAP diet are frequently used in practice. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of low FODMAP dietary advice with standard dietary advice for reducing epigastric and overall gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals with FD.

Academic Hiring Networks and Institutional Prestige: A Case Study of Canadian Sociology.

This article examines the academic job market for Canadian sociology through its PhD exchange network. Using an original data set of employed faculty members in 2015 (N = 1,157), I map the hiring relationships between institutions and analyze the observed network structure. My findings show that institutional prestige is a likely organizing force within this network, reflective of a disproportionate number of faculty coming from a few centralized high-status institutions, as well as predominantly downward flows in hiring patterns.

Red lakes from Leonardo's Last Supper and other Old Master Paintings: Micro-Raman spectroscopy of anthraquinone pigments in paint cross-sections.

The analysis of red particles in paint cross-sections from Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper, Masolino da Panicale's wall painting Beheading of St. John the Baptist in Castiglione Olona, Tintoretto's The Discovery of the Body of Saint Mark and Paolo Veronese's Supper in the House of Simon has been carried out with micro-Raman measurements. Subtracted shifted Raman spectroscopy methods have been employed to resolve the signals in the presence of fluorescence.

In-situ technical study of modern paintings part 1: The evolution of artistic materials and painting techniques in ten paintings from 1889 to 1940 by Alessandro Milesi (1856-1945).

A complementary multi-analytical in-situ approach has been adopted for the investigation of a corpus of ten paintings dating from 1889 and 1940 by the Venetian painter Alessandro Milesi (1856-1945), from the collection of the International Gallery of Modern Art Ca' Pesaro in Venice. Analyses were performed in situ with digital imaging, elemental and spectroscopic analysis. The analysis of pigments and binding media and their possible deterioration patterns were studied with a combination of X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy, External Reflection- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ER-FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy.

In-situ technical study of modern paintings - Part 2: Imaging and spectroscopic analysis of zinc white in paintings from 1889 to 1940 by Alessandro Milesi (1856-1945).

We present a multi-analytical in situ non-invasive study of a series of emblematic paintings by Alessandro Milesi (1856-1945) from the collection of the International Gallery of Modern Art Ca' Pesaro in Venice. Eight paintings dated from 1897 to 1910 were studied with imaging and spectroscopic techniques. White pigments were characterized by a combination of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy which traced the presence of zinc-based pigments in Milesi's paintings, Raman Spectroscopy, Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Spectroscopy and Time-resolved Luminescence Imaging.

Degradation of Cadmium Yellow Paint: New Evidence from Photoluminescence Studies of Trap States in Picasso's Femme ( Époque des "Demoiselles d'Avignon").

Paints based on cadmium sulfide (CdS) were popular among artists beginning in the mid-19th century. Some paint formulations are prone to degrade, discoloring and disfiguring paintings where they have been used. Pablo Picasso's Femme (Époque des "Demoiselles d'Avignon") (1907) includes two commercial formulations of CdS: one is visibly degraded and now appears brownish yellow, while the other appears relatively intact and is vibrant yellow.

Exceptional Adsorption and Binding of Sulfur Dioxide in a Robust Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Framework.

We report a record-high SO adsorption capacity of 12.3 mmol g in a robust porous material, MFM-601, at 298 K and 1.0 bar.

Characterisation of redox states of metal-organic frameworks by growth on modified thin-film electrodes.

The application of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials in electrochemical and electrochromic devices remains rare. One of the main reasons for this is the inability to readily access their detailed electrochemistry. The inherent insolubility of these materials does not allow interrogation by traditional solution-based electrochemical or spectroscopic methods.

Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Microscopy Combined with X-ray Analyses and Raman Spectroscopy Sheds Light on the Imperfect Synthesis of Historical Cadmium Pigments.

Recent studies have shown that modern pigments produced after the Second Industrial Revolution are complex systems characterized by a high level of heterogeneities. Therefore, it is fundamental to adopt a multianalytical approach and highly sensitive methods to characterize the impurities present within pigments. In this work we propose time-resolved and spectrally resolved photoluminescence (PL) microscopy for the mapping of luminescent crystal defects and impurities in historical cadmium-based pigments.

Evolved Gas Analysis-Mass Spectrometry to Identify the Earliest Organic Binder in Aegean Style Wall Paintings.

An organic binder was identified in the painted fragments from the Canaanite palace of Tel Kabri, Israel. Recently dated to the late 18th century B.C.

Health, Human Rights, and the Transformation of Punishment: South African Litigation to Address HIV and Tuberculosis in Prisons.

South Africa experiences the world's highest HIV burden and one of the highest burdens for tuberculosis (TB). People in prison are particularly vulnerable to these diseases. Globally, and internally in South Africa, increased attention is being paid to HIV and TB treatment and prevention in prisons, with the public health community arguing for reforms that improve respect for the human rights of incarcerated people, for example, by calling for the reduction of overcrowding and unnecessary incarceration.

Investigating the geometrical preferences of a flexible benzimidazolone-based linker in the synthesis of coordination polymers.

A series of new group 2 coordination polymers,  ={MgL(HO)(DMF)},  = {CaL(DMF)},  = {SrL(HO)} and  = {BaL(HO)}, were synthesized using a flexible benzimidazolone diacetic acid linker () in which the two carboxylic acid binding sites are connected to a planar core via {-CH-} spacers that can freely rotate in solution. In a 'curiosity-led' diversion from group 2 metals, the first row transition metal salts Mn, Cu and Zn were also reacted with to yield crystals of {MnL(DMF)(HO)},  = {CuL(DMF)(CHO)} and  = {ZnL(DMF)}. Crystal structures were obtained for all seven materials.

Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Microscopy for the Analysis of Semiconductor-Based Paint Layers.

In conservation, science semiconductors occur as the constituent matter of the so-called semiconductor pigments, produced following the Industrial Revolution and extensively used by modern painters. With recent research highlighting the occurrence of various degradation phenomena in semiconductor paints, it is clear that their detection by conventional optical fluorescence imaging and microscopy is limited by the complexity of historical painting materials. Here, we illustrate and prove the capabilities of time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) microscopy, equipped with both spectral and lifetime sensitivity at timescales ranging from nanoseconds to hundreds of microseconds, for the analysis of cross-sections of paint layers made of luminescent semiconductor pigments.

Effective management of spasticity and impacts on weight change and resting energy expenditure in a female with spinal cord injury: a case report.

Introduction: The impact of muscle spasticity on weight change and energy expenditure after spinal cord injury (SCI) is not well understood.

Case Presentation: This case study reports changes to body weight and resting energy expenditure (REE) in a 36-year-old female (T3 AIS A SCI; 80 kg; body mass index=28 kg m at injury) requiring escalating therapies to manage severe spasticity. Body weight, spasticity medications and fasted REE (measured using indirect calorimetry, canopy hood) were recorded at 4, 16, 17, 20 and 44 months post injury.