Micronutrients absorbed via the oral mucosa reduce emotion dysregulation in 5-10-year-old children: A three-phased randomized wait-list-controlled trial.

Objective: Previous evidence has established that micronutrient capsules can improve emotion regulation in children. This three-phased randomized open-label waitlist-controlled study investigated the safety of a micronutrient powder absorbed by the oral mucosa and its effects on emotion dysregulation in 5-to-10-year-old children. The primary outcome measures were the Revised Clinician-rated Temper and Irritability Scale (CL-ARI) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Scale (CGI-I).

The Lighter Touch: Less-Restriction in Sequentially Implemented Behavioral Sleep Interventions for Children with Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Conditions.

Purpose: The prevalence of sleep difficulties among children with rare genetic neurodevelopmental conditions (RGNC) is high. Behavioral interventions are commonly used in the treatment of sleep difficulties in children with neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism, however, research is scarce in children with RGNC. The range of co-occurring complexities within this population, means there is a need for research to not only determine the effectiveness of behavioral sleep interventions, but also which components might be the least restrictive (i.

The Type, Severity, and Impact of Sleep Problems in Children With Angelman Syndrome and Parental Help-seeking Patterns.

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic developmental disability that presents with high rates of co-occurring sleep difficulties. Most existing research has focused on the pathophysiology of sleep problems in people with AS, and suggests that sleep problems are the result of genetic and neurobiological factors. However, little is known about the role of the social environment and learning in sleep problems in children with AS.

Collateral Child and Parent Effects of Function‑Based Behavioral Interventions for Sleep Problems in Children and Adolescents with Autism.

This study follows McLay et al., Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, (2020) to investigate whether the function-based behavioral sleep interventions received by 41 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) produced collateral improvements in ASD severity, internalizing and externalizing symptoms and parent relationship quality, ratings of depression, anxiety and stress, and personal sleep quality. Concomitant with reduced sleep problem severity, improvements were found in children's internalizing and externalizing behavior and ASD symptom severity.

Sleep and stereotypy in children with autism: effectiveness of function-based behavioral treatment.

Objectives: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high rates of sleep problems, which exacerbate the core symptoms of ASD, including stereotypy (restricted and repetitive behaviors). Conversely, stereotypy can interfere with sleep by actively competing with sleep-facilitative behaviors (eg, lying down quietly). Behavioral interventions informed by functional behavioral assessment (FBA) significantly reduce sleep problems in children with ASD, however, their impact on sleep-interfering stereotypy is not clear.

Endogenous melatonin and sleep in individuals with Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders (RGND): A systematic review.

Individuals with Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders (RGND) present with significant sleep problems and circadian rhythm abnormalities of uncertain aetiology. Abnormal melatonin secretion may play a role in sleep disturbance in individuals with higher incidence developmental disabilities, however, RGND research is limited. This review compared the melatonin profiles in a range of RGND with that of the general population and considered the impact of any differences on sleep.

Longitudinal Study of Infant Sleep Development: Early Predictors of Sleep Regulation Across the First Year.

Background: An important developmental task for infants over their first few years of life is to learn to settle to sleep with a reasonably short latency, maintain sleep through the night and coordinate with family sleeping and waking schedules. A child who can reliably do this is exhibiting self-regulated sleep. Otherwise, children's sleep may have to be other (non-self) regulated to some degree and they may exhibit pediatric sleep disturbances (e.

Attributions, causal beliefs, and help-seeking behavior of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and sleep problems.

Sleep problems are commonly reported among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Without effective treatment, such problems are unlikely to resolve. To date, we know very little about how and why parents of children with ASD seek help for sleep disturbance.

Function-Based Behavioral Interventions for Sleep Problems in Children and Adolescents with Autism: Summary of 41 Clinical Cases.

This case analysis involved 41 clinical cases wherein children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) received a behavioral intervention for sleep problems. This study intended to (a) evaluate the efficacy of function-based behavioral sleep treatments; (b) elucidate variables impacting response to such interventions; (c) inform practitioners addressing sleep problems without a robust evidence-base; and (d) suggest priorities for future sleep research. Interventions included antecedent- and consequence-based modifications, and the teaching of replacement behaviors.

Controlled case series demonstrates how parents can be trained to treat paediatric feeding disorders at home.

Aim: Paediatric feeding disorders are normally managed by specialist clinics. We examined whether treatment gains were maintained when trained parents continued the programme at home and during meals out.

Methods: This controlled consecutive case series recruited 26 children (22 boys) with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, from a private paediatric feeding disorders practice in New South Wales, Australia.

Sequential Implementation of Functional Behavior Assessment-Informed Treatment Components for Sleep Disturbance in Autism: A Case Study.

: Sleep disturbances are a significant problem for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Existing research supports the use of parent-implemented, functional behavior assessment (FBA)-informed interventions for sleep problems in children with ASD. There is also emerging evidence for combined parent- and young person-implemented behavioral sleep interventions for older children and adolescents with ASD.

A Pilot Randomized Treatment-Controlled Trial Comparing Vitamin B6 with Broad-Spectrum Micronutrients for Premenstrual Syndrome.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects 20%-30% of women but current medical treatments are limited in their efficacy. The objective of this study was to compare efficacy of a broad-spectrum micronutrient formula (consisting mainly of minerals and vitamins) to a single vitamin (B6) for treatment of PMS, for which B6 has already been shown to be efficacious. This double-blind, randomized, treatment-controlled trial allocated 78 (72 completed) regularly menstruating women with PMS to consume micronutrients or vitamin B6 (80 mg/day) daily following a two-cycle baseline period, for three menstrual cycles.

Novel Mineral-Vitamin Treatment for Reduction in Cigarette Smoking: A Fully Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Many smokers do not achieve abstinence using current smoking cessation options. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated a novel nutritional supplement to assist with quitting smoking.

Methods: Following a baseline phase where cigarettes per day and nicotine dependence were measured, participants (n = 107) were randomized to placebo (n = 50) or micronutrient conditions (n = 57).

Evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic horse riding for children and young people experiencing disability: a single-case experimental design study.

Therapeutic horse riding aims to improve the health of children and young people experiencing disability; however, its benefits across a range of health domains, particularly the impact on participation outcomes, are not well known. This research evaluated to what extent there was a change in riders balance, functional performance, social responsiveness, quality of life and participation outcomes as a result of therapeutic horse riding. A multiple-baseline across participants ( = 12) single-case experimental design, with randomly allocated baseline phase lengths, quantitatively evaluated how riders responded to a 20-week intervention.

Systematic review of the effectiveness of behaviorally-based interventions for sleep problems in people with rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders.

Sleep problems are prevalent in people with rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders (RGND) and, in some cases, RGNDs are associated with specific forms of sleep disturbance that appear relatively unique. Although a notable amount of research has focused on behavioral intervention for sleep problems in people with higher incidence developmental disorders, research focused on potentially modifiable learning and environmental factors for people with RGND has received less attention. This review summarizes empirical evidence from studies providing behavioral interventions for sleep problems in RGND.

Is evidence-based treatment helping my patient? Utilizing modified Brinley plots to measure clinical change.

Using both group (nomothetic) and individual (idiographic) approaches to measuring clinical change may provide more information about the effectiveness of an intervention than either approach alone. The current study re-examined previously published data from two randomized clinical trials of omega-3 fatty acids and Individual-Family Psychoeducational Psychotherapy as treatment for mood disorders in youth, using modified Brinley plots, a method of illustrating individuals' treatment response in the context of group information. Although the original nomothetic approach provided information about the average effect of treatment, modified Brinley plots gave more information about individual children's outcomes.

Using functional behavioral assessment to treat sleep problems in two children with autism and vocal stereotypy.

Sleep problems are prevalent among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are often accompanied by stereotypies, the function of which may be difficult to determine. Functional behavioral assessment (FBA) is an evidence-based approach to assessing and treating challenging behaviors, however, it has scarcely been used with sleep problems. This study investigates the effectiveness of FBA-based treatments for sleep disturbance (SD) in children with ASD, the short- and long-term maintenance of these effects, and parents' perspectives on the assessment and treatment process.

Study Protocol for a Randomized Double Blind, Treatment Control Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Micronutrient Formula to a Single Vitamin Supplement in the Treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome.

The recent addition of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th ed.) has highlighted the seriousness of this disorder. Many alternatives to psychoactive medication in the form of vitamins, minerals, and plant extracts have been trialled by women seeking a natural treatment approach.

Analyzing Therapeutic Change Using Modified Brinley Plots: History, Construction, and Interpretation.

The paper reviews the history, construction, and interpretation of modified Brinley plots, a scatter plot used in therapy outcome research to compare each individual participant's scores on the same dependent variable at Time 1 (normally pretreatment baseline; x-axis), with scores at selected times during or after treatment (y-axis). Since 1965 eponymously named Brinley plots have occasionally been used in experimental psychology to display group mean data. Between 1979 and 1995 a number of clinical researchers modified Brinley plots to show individuals' data but these plots have received little subsequent use.

Clinically Significant Symptom Reduction in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treated with Micronutrients: An Open-Label Reversal Design Study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effect and safety of a broad spectrum, 36 ingredient micronutrient (vitamins and minerals) in treating children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: This open-label, on-off-on-off (reversal design) study followed 14 participants (8-12 years of age) with ADHD, diagnosed using standardized instruments, for 6 months with no dropouts. Following baseline assessment, including hematology and biochemistry screening, participants began an 8 week treatment phase with micronutrients titrated up to maximum dose (15 capsules/day).

Psychological functioning 1 year after a brief intervention using micronutrients to treat stress and anxiety related to the 2011 Christchurch earthquakes: a naturalistic follow-up.

Objective: We investigated whether micronutrients given acutely following the Christchurch earthquakes continued to confer benefit 1 year following the treatment.

Methods: Sixty-four adults from the original 91 participants experiencing heightened anxiety or stress 2-3 months following the 22nd February 2011 earthquake and who had been randomized to receive three different doses of micronutrients completed on-line questionnaires assessing mood, anxiety, stress, and symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder 1 year after completing the initial study. Twenty-one out of 29 nonrandomized controls who did not receive the treatment also completed the questionnaires.

Psychological responses after a major, fatal earthquake: the effect of peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress symptoms on anxiety and depression.

Following trauma, most people with initial symptoms of stress recover, but it is important to identify those at risk for continuing difficulties so resources are allocated appropriately. There has been limited investigation of predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder following natural disasters. This study assessed psychological difficulties experienced in 101 adult treatment seekers following exposure to a significant earthquake.

Use of micronutrients attenuates cannabis and nicotine abuse as evidenced from a reversal design: a case study.

Prior research shows that micronutrients, particularly amino acids, can assist individuals with substance dependence to quit various drugs of abuse, including cannabis, alcohol, and cocaine. As part of a wider investigation of the impact of micronutrients (mostly vitamins and minerals) on psychiatric symptoms, such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), depression, and anxiety, we observed that many participants reduced or eliminated use of alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis. One case using a single-case reversal (off-on-off-on-off) design is presented and shows not only on-off control of psychiatric symptoms as micronutrients are consumed or withdrawn, but also simultaneous on-off use of cannabis and cigarettes, despite not directly targeting this substance use as part of the treatment protocol.