Early Breathing in Very Preterm Infants during Deferred Cord Clamping (DCC) Is Related to Gestational Age and Is Not Independently Associated with Important Neonatal Outcomes: A 5-Year Cohort Study.

Deferred cord clamping (DCC) has been associated with reduced mortality in preterm infants, and a period of at least 30 s has been recommended before clamping. However, preterm infants assessed as being in need of resuscitation have often had earlier cord clamping. In this study, we aimed to compare neonatal outcomes for preterm infants undergoing DCC who established early breathing movements compared to those who were not breathing.

Effect of Breathing Support in Very Preterm Infants Not Breathing During Deferred Cord Clamping: A Randomized Controlled Trial (The ABC Study).

Objective: To determine if providing respiratory support to very preterm infants who fail to breathe regularly during deferred cord clamping (DCC) decreased red cell transfusion.

Study Design: Infants less than 31 weeks of gestation undergoing DCC who were apneic or not breathing regularly at 15 seconds underwent stratified randomization. Pale, limp, and nonresponsive infants were excluded.

Barriers and facilitators for Indigenous students and staff in health and human services educational programs.

Indigenous Peoples are underrepresented in many of the Health and Human Services Educational Programs (HHSEP, e.g.: Nursing, Social Work).

The Assisted Breathing before Cord Clamping (ABC) Study Protocol.

Major physiologic changes occur during the transition after birth. For preterm infants, current understanding favours allowing the initial changes to occur prior to cord clamping. Amongst other improved outcomes, systematic reviews have indicated a significant reduction in neonatal blood transfusions following delayed cord clamping.

Advanced imaging findings in progressive solitary sclerosis: a single lesion or a global disease?

Background: Progressive solitary sclerosis is a unifocal demyelinating disease recently proposed as a possible multiple sclerosis variant.

Objective: To compare myelin content and brain metabolite ratio qualitatively in the normal-appearing white matter of progressive solitary sclerosis cases compared to multiple sclerosis and healthy control participants.

Methods: Case report.

Provision of respiratory support compared to no respiratory support before cord clamping for preterm infants.

Background: Placental transfusion (by means of delayed cord clamping (DCC), cord milking, or cord stripping) confers benefits for preterm infants. It is not known if providing respiratory support to preterm infants before cord clamping improves outcomes.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of respiratory support provided during DCC compared with no respiratory support during placental transfusion (in the form of DCC, milking, or stripping) in preterm infants immediately after delivery.

Effect of delayed cord clamping (DCC) on breathing and transition at birth in very preterm infants.

Background: The effects of delayed cord clamping (DCC) on transition in preterm infants are important as this procedure is becoming increasingly recommended. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of DCC with an historical cohort.

Method: In this observational study, outcomes for infants ≤ 29 weeks were compared with a group born before the introduction of DCC.

Description and comparison of the pupae of a further two Culicoides (Avaritia) species from the dung of large herbivores in South Africa (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae).

In 2007 Nevill, Venter, Meiswinkel & Nevill demonstrated that the pupae of five Culicoides species belonging to the Imicola complex of the subgenus Avaritia could readily be differentiated from one another using various morphological characters. Three of the described species, Culicoides bolitinos Meiswinkel 1989; Culicoides loxodontis Meiswinkel 1992 and Culicoides sp. # 107 (= C.

Comparative descriptions of the pupae of five species of the Culicoides imicola complex (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from South Africa.

The viruses causing the economically important livestock diseases of African horse sickness (AHS) and bluetongue (BT) are transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). In the Old World the most important vectors of these diseases are Culicoides imicola Kieffer, 1913, Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer, 1917 and Culicoides bolitinos Meiswinkel, 1989. All three of these vectors belong to the Imicola complex of the subgenus Avaritia Fox, 1955.

Selective use of odour-baited, insecticide-treated targets to control tsetse flies Glossina austeni and G. brevipalpis in South Africa.

The effectiveness of odour-baited targets treated with 0.8% deltamethrin in controlling Glossina austeni Newstead and G. brevipalpis Newstead (Diptera: Glossinidae) was evaluated in Zululand, South Africa.

Review of blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) control in South Africa.

The medical, veterinary and economic importance of blackflies in South Africa, and the historical development of blackfly control programmes in various South African rivers, are reviewed in this paper. In 1996 it was estimated that blackflies can cause more than R 88 million damages per annum along the middle and lower Orange River where Simulium chutteri is considered the main pest species. A clear link between the construction of dams and the spread of the blackfly problem was shown.

Evaluation of a proposed odour-baited target to control the tsetse flies Glossina brevipalpis and Glossina austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) in South Africa.

The most effective odour attractant for G. brevipalpis Newstead, namely a combination of octenol released at c. 9.

Evaluation of conventional odour attractants for Glossina brevipalpis and Glossina austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) in South Africa.

The components of the synthetic ox-odour used in Zimbabwe against Glossina pallidipes and G. m. morsitans were evaluated for the attraction of G.

Evaluation of coloured targets for the attraction of Glossina brevipalpis and Glossina austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) in South Africa.

Studies on the attractiveness of various coloured targets for Glossina brevipalpis and G. austeni in South Africa showed black and pthalogen blue (p.blue) combinations to be the most effective for both species.

Review of tsetse flies and trypanosomosis in South Africa.

The history of tsetse flies and nagana (trypanosomosis) in South Africa, and especially in Zululand, is reviewed. Four valid tsetse fly species have been recorded from South Africa. Glossina morsitans morsitans disappeared from the most northerly parts of South Africa during the rinderpest epizootic between 1896-1897.

Seasonal abundance and parity of stock-associated Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in different climatic regions in southern Africa in relation to their viral vector potential.

Seasonal abundance and parity in Culicoides populations, in the vicinity of livestock, were determined at seven sites in five different climatic regions with 220 V down-draught blacklight-traps. In 418 collections made between October 1983 and December 1986, a total of 2,134,171 Culicoides, of which 342,571 were identified to species level and sexed, were collected; 267 of these collections (182,321 Culicoides) were graded for parity. In the frost-free summer rainfall area, Culicoides were collected in large numbers in light-traps throughout the year; this implies breeding and possible virus transmission throughout the winter in certain parts of South Africa.

Culicoides (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) associated with livestock in the Onderstepoort area, Gauteng, South Africa as determined by light-trap collections.

In 54 light-trap collections made at 28 sites in the Onderstepoort area a total of 178,941 Culicoides midges of 35 species was collected in March 1988; the survey was repeated at 26 sites in September and yielded 19,518 Culicoides of 24 species. The number of Culicoides species collected totalled 38. C,imicola was the most abundant species at 27 of the 28 sites sampled, and accounted for 88% and 67% of all midges collected in the two months respectively.

Control of pest blackflies (Diptera:Simuliidae) along the Orange River, South Africa: 1990-1995.

The efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.

Geographical distribution and relative abundance of stock-associated Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in southern Africa in relation to their potential as viral vectors.

To determine the geographical distribution and relative abundance of Culicoides species associated with livestock, 220-V down-draught light-traps equipped with 8-W blacklight tubes were operated at 34 sites in different climatic regions in South Africa and Lesotho. From January 1984 to September 1986, 3 041 631 Culicoides, belonging to at least 50 species, were collected in a total of 959 collections. Of these, 572 412 individuals were identified and sexed.

A survey of the Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the Umlalazi Nature Reserve in Zululand, South Africa, with notes on two species biting man.

Culicoides biting midges were intermittently collected between July 1988 and December 1992 in the Umlalazi Nature. Reserve on the subtropical eastern coastal margin of South Africa. Altogether 34 species were collected in a diversity of habitats that included a mangrove community, dune forest and mixed thornveld.

The use of a membrane feeding technique to determine the infection rate of Culicoides imicola (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) for 2 bluetongue virus serotypes in South Africa.

Culicoides spp. in the Lowveld of the northern Transvaal, Republic of South Africa, were fed bluetongue virus serotypes 3 and 6 and African horsesickness virus serotype 1 through latex and chicken skin membranes. After an incubation period of 10 days at 25-27 degrees C, the infection rate of C.

Culicoides species associated with livestock in the Stellenbosch area of the Western Cape Province, Republic of South Africa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).

A total of 33,564 Culicoides midges was collected in 44 light trap collections made at 22 sites in the Stellenbosch area during November 1986. Of the 23 species present in these collections 8 were frequently encountered namely, C. magnus, C.

The colonization and life-cycles of Musca lusoria, Musca xanthomelas and Musca nevilli, vectors of Parafilaria bovicola in South Africa.

Thriving, permanent colonies of Musca xanthomelas and later of Musca nevilli were successfully established. However, because of the low reproduction potential of Musca lusoria a small colony only was kept for a limited period until life-cycle studies were completed. Larvae were reared on fresh dung from cattle fed lucerne, while in general adults were fed 0.

The control of Parafilaria bovicola transmission in South Africa.

Ivermectin treatment of all cattle on a badly infected farm failed to interrupt the transmission of P. bovicola, even though ovipositional blood spots were drastically reduced in numbers for an entire summer season following treatment. Regular weekly to fortnightly dipping of all cattle in 50 ppm deltamethrin immediately reduced vector fly numbers to less than 1 fly per cow face.