Activation of ionotropic and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors stimulates kisspeptin neuron activity in mice.

Different populations of hypothalamic kisspeptin (KISS1) neurons located in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) are thought to generate the sex-specific patterns of gonadotropin secretion. These neuronal populations integrate gonadal sex steroid feedback with internal and external cues relayed via the actions of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. The excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, plays a role in regulating gonadotropin secretion, at least partially through engaging KISS1 signaling.

Sick leave after arthroscopic meniscus repair vs. arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.

Objective: To evaluate sick leave after meniscal repair vs arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) and, for comparison, vs the general population.

Method: Using Swedish register data we included all employed persons aged 19-49 years in the general population of Skåne region and identified those having had meniscus repair or APM in the period of 2005-2012. We retrieved data on sick leave during 1 year before until 2 years after surgery.

Patient's subjective knee function 3-5 years following partial meniscectomy or meniscus repair compared to a normal population: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Evaluate patient-reported knee function after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) and meniscus suture repair in two different age cohorts compared with a normal population.

Method: Arthroscopic meniscus surgery was performed on 421 patients at Skåne University Hospital from 2010 to 2014, with a mean (SD) follow-up of 4.2 (1.

Proteomics Profiling of Human Synovial Fluid Suggests Increased Protein Interplay in Early-Osteoarthritis (OA) That Is Lost in Late-Stage OA.

The underlying molecular mechanisms in osteoarthritis (OA) development are largely unknown. This study explores the proteome and the pairwise interplay of proteins in synovial fluid from patients with late-stage knee OA (arthroplasty), early knee OA (arthroscopy due to degenerative meniscal tear), and from deceased controls without knee OA. Synovial fluid samples were analyzed using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry with data-independent acquisition.

Higher aggrecan 1-F21 epitope concentration in synovial fluid early after anterior cruciate ligament injury is associated with worse knee cartilage quality assessed by gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 20 years later.

Background: To investigate if cartilage related biomarkers in synovial fluid are associated with knee cartilage status 20 years after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Methods: We studied 25 patients with a complete ACL rupture without subsequent ACL reconstruction or radiographic knee OA. All had a delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) 20 years after the ACL injury, using the T1 transverse relaxation time in the presence of gadolinium (T1Gd) which estimates the concentration of glycosaminoglycans in hyaline cartilage.

Sick leave before and after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy due to traumatic meniscal tear.

Objective: There is limited knowledge on sick leave associated with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) due to traumatic meniscal tear and its potential gender differences. Thus, our aim was to determine gender-specific sick leave before and after APM.

Method: In Skåne region, Sweden, we identified patients, aged 18-59 years diagnosed with traumatic meniscal tear without ligament injury, who had APM during 2004-2012.

Pathogenesis of Fabry nephropathy: The pathways leading to fibrosis.

Background: Kidney is one of the main target organs in Fabry disease, a lysosomal X-linked genetic disorder. Renal involvement is characterized by proteinuria and progressive chronic kidney disease leading to end-stage renal disease. Pathogenic mechanisms in the progression of renal damage in Fabry disease are not thoroughly known yet.

Osteoarthritis development related to cartilage quality-the prognostic value of dGEMRIC after anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Objective: Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) increases the risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA). Delayed Gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cartilage (dGEMRIC) investigates cartilage integrity through T1-analysis after intravenous contrast injection. A high dGEMRIC index represents good cartilage quality.

Scrutinizing the cut-off for "pathological" meniscal body extrusion on knee MRI.

Objectives: Medial meniscal body extrusion ≥ 3 mm on MRI is often considered "pathologic." The aims of this study were to (1) assess the adequacy of 3 mm as cut-off for "pathological" extrusion and (2) find an optimal cut-off for meniscal extrusion cross-sectionally associated with radiographic knee osteoarthritis, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and cartilage damage.

Methods: Nine hundred fifty-eight persons, aged 50-90 years from Framingham, MA, USA, had readable 1.

Vernacular Selection: What to Say and When to Say It.

The language of behavior analysis is precise in the sense that it focuses attention on functional relations between behavior and the environment that are extended in time. However, to non-behavior analysts, behavior-analytic terms and explanations are difficult to understand and awkward sounding. Evidence suggests that this has had deleterious effects on the acceptance of the field of behavior analysis and its explanations of behavior.

Poor outcome after a surgically treated chondral injury on the medial femoral condyle: early evaluation with dGEMRIC and 17-year radiographic and clinical follow-up in 16 knees.

Background and purpose - The optimal treatment for traumatic cartilage injuries remains unknown. Contrast-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) evaluates cartilage quality and a low dGEMRIC index may predict radiographic osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was (a) to explore the results 17 years after surgical treatment of an isolated cartilage knee injury and (b) to evaluate the predictive value of dGEMRIC.

The risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis after arthroscopic meniscus repair vs partial meniscectomy vs the general population.

Objective: To compare consultation rate for knee osteoarthritis (OA) after meniscus repair, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM), and in general population, respectively.

Method: We identified patients aged 16-45 years having had meniscus surgery due to traumatic meniscus tear in 1998-2010 in southern Sweden by a healthcare register. Patients were followed from surgery until a diagnosis of knee OA, relocation, death, or December 31st, 2015.

Concentrations of synovial fluid biomarkers and the prediction of knee osteoarthritis 16 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Objective: To describe the longitudinal patterns of release, and investigate the association between a set of synovial fluid biomarkers at the acute and chronic stage and the development of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Design: Synovial fluid was aspirated from the acutely ACL-injured knee within the first 2weeks (acute samples), and yearly (chronic samples) up to 7.5 years after injury in 88 subjects (60% men).

Knee arthroscopies: who gets them, what does the radiologist report, and what does the surgeon find? An evaluation from southern Sweden.

Background And Purpose: Several randomized controlled trials have not shown any added benefit of arthroscopy over placebo surgery or physiotherapy in middle-aged patients with knee symptoms without trauma. We studied the characteristics of the knee arthroscopies performed in southern Sweden.

Patients And Methods: From the orthopedic surgical records from 2007-2009 in the Skåne region of Sweden (with a population of 1.

At least half of new Medicare advantage enrollees had switched from traditional Medicare during 2006-11.

With ongoing interest in rising Medicare Advantage enrollment, we examined whether the growth in enrollment between 2006 and 2011 was mainly due to new beneficiaries choosing Medicare Advantage when they first become eligible for Medicare. We also examined the extent to which beneficiaries in traditional Medicare switched to Medicare Advantage, and vice versa. We found that 22 percent of new Medicare beneficiaries elected Medicare Advantage over traditional Medicare in 2011; they accounted for 48 percent of new Medicare Advantage enrollees that year.

Knee cartilage assessment with MRI (dGEMRIC) and subjective knee function in ACL injured copers: a cohort study with a 20 year follow-up.

Objective: To assess knee cartilage quality and subjective knee function, 20 years after injury in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured copers.

Method: We examined 32 knees using delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cartilage (dGEMRIC), 20 years after a complete ACL tear. Only subjects who had coped with the ACL injury without ACL reconstruction (ACLR), and who presented without radiographic signs of osteoarthritis (OA) at an earlier 16-year follow-up, were included in this study.

Association between varus alignment and post-traumatic osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Purpose: To investigate the association between varus alignment and post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Methods: One hundred subjects with an acute complete ACL tear were followed for 15 years. Anterior-posterior radiographs of the tibiofemoral joint were obtained with a knee flexion of 20°, and the patellofemoral joint was examined with skyline view at 50° knee flexion.

Dx for a careful approach to moving dual-eligible beneficiaries into managed care plans.

Policy makers are moving rapidly to develop and test reforms aimed at doing a better job of managing the costs and care for people dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid. This commentary underscores the importance of pursuing new initiatives to address care coordination and spending concerns. It then focuses on key issues raised by proposals that would shift dual-eligible beneficiaries into managed care plans.

Longitudinal assessment of femoral knee cartilage quality using contrast enhanced MRI (dGEMRIC) in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury--comparison with asymptomatic volunteers.

Objective: In this observational longitudinal study we estimate knee joint cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, in patients with an acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, with or without a concomitant meniscus injury.

Methods: 29 knees (19 men/10 women) were prospectively examined by repeat delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC), approximately 3 weeks and 2.3±1.

The effect of pre-exposure and recovery type on activity-based anorexia in rats.

Activity-based anorexia (ABA) occurs when there is limited access to food and an opportunity to engage in high levels of physical activity. While the ABA effect is well established, the distinct functions of exercise and food restriction in maintaining ABA have not been determined. The current study examined the effect of pre-exposure to a restricted feeding schedule and pre-exposure to a running wheel on the incidence of ABA in 36 rats.

The influence of posterior-inferior tibial slope in ACL injury.

Purpose: To explore the effect of different posterior-inferior tibial slope (PITS) angles on ACL injury at non-contact sports, knee laxity and the need for ACL reconstruction.

Methods: One hundred patients with an acute, arthroscopically verified total ACL rupture were followed prospectively with the intention of treating the injury without reconstruction. Knee laxity was assessed with the Lachman and pivot shift tests with the patients under general anesthesia within 10 days of injury.