Synthesis of Hybrid Ligands with Nitrile and Cage Phosphane Donor Groups and their Applications in Gold-Mediated Reactions.

Altering the donor properties of phosphane ligands through substituent variation is an established tool in coordination chemistry and catalysis. This contribution describes the synthesis of two new hybrid donors (L) combining 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,4,6-trioxa-8-phosphaadamantane-8-yl (PCg) and nitrile donor groups at different molecular scaffolds, viz. ferrocene-1,1'-diyl (fc) and 1,2-phenylene.

Directed Design of a Au Complex with a Reduced Mesoionic Carbene Radical Ligand: Insights from 1,2,3-Triazolylidene Selenium Adducts and Extensive Electrochemical Investigations.

Carbene-based radicals are important for both fundamental and applied chemical research. Herein, extensive electrochemical investigations of nine different 1,2,3-triazolylidene selenium adducts are reported. It is found that the half-wave potentials of the first reduction of the selones correlate with their calculated LUMO levels and the LUMO levels of the corresponding triazolylidene-based mesoionic carbenes (MICs).

[Updated S3-Guideline for Prophylaxis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Gallstones. German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) and German Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract (DGAV) - AWMF Registry 021/008].

This guideline provides evidence-based key recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of gallstones and upgrades the 2007 version. The guideline was developed by an interdisciplinary team of gastroenterologists and surgeons, and patient support groups under the auspice of the German Society for Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases and the German Society for General Surgery and Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. The guideline used structural S3 consensus-based methodology and includes statements on clinical practice, medical education, prevention, quality assurance, outcome analysis, and integration of outpatient and inpatient care for patients with gallstone diseases.

Influence of Phosphatidylcholine and Calcium on Self-Association and Bile Salt Mixed Micellar Binding of the Natural Bile Pigment, Bilirubin Ditaurate.

Recently [Neubrand, M. W., et al.

Self-assembly of aqueous bilirubin ditaurate, a natural conjugated bile pigment, to contraposing enantiomeric dimers and M(-) and P(+) tetramers and their selective hydrophilic disaggregation by monomers and micelles of bile salts.

The solution behavior of bilirubin ditaurate (BDT), the first naturally occurring conjugated bile pigment to be physically and chemically characterized, was assessed in aqueous solution and in monomeric and micellar solutions of common taurine-conjugated bile salts (BS). Analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that BDT self-associates in monomer-dimer equilibria between 1 and 500 μM, forming limiting tetramers at low millimolar concentrations. Self-association was enthalpically driven with ΔG values of ≈5 kcal/mol, suggesting strong hydrophobic interactions.

[Short version of the updated S3 (level 3) guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of gallstones of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases and the German Society for the Surgery of the Alimentary Tract].

This short version of the guidelines summarizes the evidence-based key recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of gallstones. The guidelines were developed by an interdisciplinary team of gastroenterologists, surgeons, radiologists, geneticists, and patient support groups, under the auspice of the German Society for Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases and the German Society for General Surgery and Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. It used structural level 3 consensus-based methodology and includes statements on clinical practice, prevention, quality assurance, outcome analysis, and integration of outpatient and inpatient care for patients with gallstone disease.

[S3-guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of gallstones. German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases and German Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract].

This guideline provides evidence-based key recommendations for diagnosis and therapy of gallstones and upgrades version 2000. It was developed by an interdisciplinary team of gastroenterologists, surgeons, radiologists, geneticists, external comparative quality assurance and patient support groups under the auspices of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases and the German Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. The guideline used structural S3 consensus-based methodology and includes statements on clinical practice, prevention, outcome analysis, and integration of outpatient and inpatient care for patients with gallstone diseases.

Effect of intraduodenal administration of ursodeoxycholic acid on interdigestive interaction between gallbladder motility, pancreatic secretion and endocrine activity.

Background: Gastroduodenal motorfunction, gallbladder motility, and pancreatic secretion are closely related during the interdigestive state. The extent to which application of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC) influences this process is only partly understood.

Aim: As UDC is widely used for the therapy of gallbladder stones and of cholestatic liver disease, we wanted to define the immediate effect of UDC on interdigestive gallbladder and antroduodenal motility, biliary-pancreatic secretion and hormone release in man.

[Acute biliary colic. Etiology, diagnosis and therapy].

Acute biliary pain represents the main symptom of gallbladder stones, less frequently of common bile duct stones or functional disorders of the biliary tract. The pain lasts at least 15 minutes, is typically localized to the epigastrium or the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and my radiate to the right shoulder. Diagnosis of biliary pain is primarily based on clinical criteria, ultrasound allows detection of causative gallstones with high sensitivity and specificity.

Phase II study of photodynamic therapy and metal stent as palliative treatment for nonresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: The combination of photodynamic therapy and biliary drainage by plastic endoprosthesis insertion has produced promising results in the treatment of nonresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The feasibility and efficacy of intraductal photodynamic therapy with subsequent biliary drainage by self-expandable metal stent insertion were evaluated in a prospective phase II study.

Methods: Twenty-four patients were treated with photodynamic therapy after sensitization with porfimer sodium.

Three-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with respiratory triggering in the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis: comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.

Background And Study Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of respiratory-triggered three-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (3D-MRCP) for the detection of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and to compare the specific findings of magnetic resonance cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in patients with PSC.

Patients And Methods: The MRCP findings were evaluated in 150 patients with clinical symptoms (progressive fatigue, pruritus followed by icterus) and/or elevated values for alkaline phosphatase and serum aspartate transaminase, and occasionally an elevated serum concentration of bilirubin as a sign of cholestasis, who were consecutively referred for magnetic resonance imaging. Two observers independently classified bile duct abnormalities and established the MRCP diagnosis in a consensus reading.

Long-term results and prognostic factors in the treatment of achalasia with botulinum toxin.

Background And Study Aims: Endoscopic therapy of achalasia by injection of botulinum toxin into the lower esophageal sphincter has very limited adverse effects and is initially successful in 70 % of patients. However, this result only lasts for 6 - 9 months on average in most patients and only half of them benefit for more than 1 year. The aim of this study was to find out which factors are predictive for a good long-term success.

[Value of selective MIP reconstructions in respiratory triggered 3D TSE MR-cholangiography on a workstation in comparison with MIP standard projections and single-shot MRCP].

Purpose: Comparison of anatomical visualisation and diagnostic value of selective MIP reconstructions of respiratory triggered 3D-TSE-MRCP versus standard MIP reconstructions and single-shot MRCP.

Material And Methods: 50 patients with pancreaticobiliary disease were examined at 1.5 Tesla (ACS NT II, Philips Medical Systems) using a breath-hold single-shot (SS) and a respiratory triggered 3D-TSE-MRCP technique in 12 standard MIP projections.

Prediction of the lower esophageal sphincter pressure after oral molsidomine by sydnonimine plasma concentrations.

Background/aims: Recent studies suggest that endogenous nitric oxide decreases lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP). Substances leading to the formation of nitric oxide, such as molsidomine, decreases the human LESP. It is not yet clear whether this reduction is related to plasma concentrations of molsidomine, the nitrate-active substance sydnonimine (SIN-1) or to serum concentrations of nitrate/nitrite (NOx) as a stable end-product of volatile nitric oxide.

[3D-TSE MR cholangiopancreatography with breath triggering to clarify unclear hepatopathies in children].

Purpose: Evaluation of 3D-TSE MR-cholangiography with respiratory triggering in the work up of hepatopathies in infants and young children.

Patients And Method: 16 infants (4-16 years) with increased transaminases, two with recurrent pancreatitis, were examined at 1.5 T (ACS-NT II, Philips Medical Systems) using a 3D-TSE MRCP with respiratory triggering in addition to a regular MRI of the liver.

Endoscopic manometry of esophageal varices: evaluation of a balloon technique compared with direct portal pressure measurement.

Background/aims: Recently, a non-invasive endoscopic balloon technique for esophageal manometry was published. In the present study, we assess its methodological aspects together with the relationship to portal pressure.

Methods: In 20 patients with liver cirrhosis who had received an intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPS), we evaluated portal and variceal pressure before and after balloon occlusion of TIPS (random order).

Noninvasive endoscopic determination of intravariceal pressure in patients with portal hypertension: clinical experience with a new balloon technique.

Background And Study Aims: Recently, details of a noninvasive balloon manometry technique for endoscopic measurement of variceal pressure (VP) have been published. However, to date, only few data exist on its feasibility and virtually none on its relation to endoscopic or clinical variables of portal hypertension.

Patients And Methods: We investigated a total of 64 patients with esophageal varices using a scaled transparent balloon and a calibrated pressure manometer.

Erythromycin, a motilin agonist, increases postprandial gallbladder emptying during therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid.

Sufficient gallbladder emptying accelerates early gallstone clearance after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Litholytic therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC) subsequent to ESWL increases fasting volume (FV) and postprandial residual volume (RV) of the gallbladder. This may lead to retention of cholesterol crystals and small fragments within the gallbladder.

Dissolution of gallbladder stones with methyl tert-butyl ether and stone recurrence: a European survey.

Since there are now several ways to treat symptomatic gallstone disease, one is able to select treatment on the basis of the patient's comfort, the practicability, effectiveness, and side effects of the technique, and the relative costs. In order to assess the present status of contact dissolution with methyl tert-butyl ether with regard to these aspects, the present enquiry reports the data of 21 European hospitals. Eight hundred three patients were selected for contact litholysis of cholesterol gallbladder stones using methyl tert-butyl ether.

Treatment of Barrett's esophagus by endoscopic argon plasma coagulation.

Barrett's esophagus is a premalignant condition characterized by the presence of specialized columnar epithelium in the distal esophagus. Conventional medical or surgical treatments do not consistently lead to a regression of Barrett's epithelium. However, restoration of squamous mucosa can occur in an anacid environment after endoscopic ablation of metaplastic epithelium.