Enhancing the diagnostic capacity of [F]PSMA-1007 PET/MRI in primary prostate cancer staging with artificial intelligence and semi-quantitative DCE: an exploratory study.

Background: To investigate the ability of artificial intelligence (AI)-based and semi-quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), performed within [F]-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI, in differentiating benign from malignant prostate tissues in patients with primary prostate cancer (PC).

Results: A total of seven patients underwent whole-body [F]-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI examinations including a pelvic mpMRI protocol with T2w, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and DCE image series. Conventional analysis included visual reading of PET/MRI images and Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System (PI-RADS) scoring of the prostate.

Cardiorespiratory Responses to Exercise in Hypobaric versus Normobaric Hypoxia: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Crossover Study.

Purpose: There is controversy whether there are meaningful physiological differences between hypobaric (HH) and normobaric hypoxia (NH). This study aimed to compare the cardiorespiratory responses to acute HH and NH under strictly controlled conditions. We hypothesized no differences at rest and during submaximal exercise, whereas during maximal exercise, a higher maximal ventilation (V̇Emax), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) in HH than in NH.

Prostate cancer risk assessment and avoidance of prostate biopsies using fully automatic deep learning in prostate MRI: comparison to PI-RADS and integration with clinical data in nomograms.

Objectives: Risk calculators (RCs) improve patient selection for prostate biopsy with clinical/demographic information, recently with prostate MRI using the prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS). Fully-automated deep learning (DL) analyzes MRI data independently, and has been shown to be on par with clinical radiologists, but has yet to be incorporated into RCs. The goal of this study is to re-assess the diagnostic quality of RCs, the impact of replacing PI-RADS with DL predictions, and potential performance gains by adding DL besides PI-RADS.

Oxidative Stress Reaction to Hypobaric-Hyperoxic Civilian Flight Conditions.

Background: In military flight operations, during flights, fighter pilots constantly work under hyperoxic breathing conditions with supplemental oxygen in varying hypobaric environments. These conditions are suspected to cause oxidative stress to neuronal organ tissues. For civilian flight operations, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) also recommends supplemental oxygen for flying under hypobaric conditions equivalent to higher than 3048 m altitude, and has made it mandatory for conditions equivalent to more than 3657 m altitude.

Neural Reward Representations Enable Utilitarian Welfare Maximization.

From deciding which meal to prepare for our guests to trading off the proenvironmental effects of climate protection measures against their economic costs, we often must consider the consequences of our actions for the well-being of others (welfare). Vexingly, the tastes and views of others can vary widely. To maximize welfare according to the utilitarian philosophical tradition, decision-makers facing conflicting preferences of others should choose the option that maximizes the sum of the subjective value (utility) of the entire group.

Addressing image misalignments in multi-parametric prostate MRI for enhanced computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis on multi-parametric magnetic resonance images (MRI) requires radiologists with a high level of expertise. Misalignments between the MRI sequences can be caused by patient movement, elastic soft-tissue deformations, and imaging artifacts. They further increase the complexity of the task prompting radiologists to interpret the images.

Influence of nutrition and food on sleep-is there evidence?

Background: The influence of sleep disorders on metabolism, especially concerning obesity and diabetes, as well as obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, has been widely investigated. However, the effect of nutrition and the intake of certain foods on sleep has only recently gained attention. In recent years, there have been publications on intake of certain foods and certain diets regarding their influence on sleep, as well as activity of adipocytes and their effect on production of sleep hormones.

Application of a validated prostate MRI deep learning system to independent same-vendor multi-institutional data: demonstration of transferability.

Objectives: To evaluate a fully automatic deep learning system to detect and segment clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) on same-vendor prostate MRI from two different institutions not contributing to training of the system.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, a previously bi-institutionally validated deep learning system (UNETM) was applied to bi-parametric prostate MRI data from one external institution (A), a PI-RADS distribution-matched internal cohort (B), and a csPCa stratified subset of single-institution external public challenge data (C). csPCa was defined as ISUP Grade Group ≥ 2 determined from combined targeted and extended systematic MRI/transrectal US-fusion biopsy.

Weakly Supervised MRI Slice-Level Deep Learning Classification of Prostate Cancer Approximates Full Voxel- and Slice-Level Annotation: Effect of Increasing Training Set Size.

Background: Weakly supervised learning promises reduced annotation effort while maintaining performance.

Purpose: To compare weakly supervised training with full slice-wise annotated training of a deep convolutional classification network (CNN) for prostate cancer (PC).

Study Type: Retrospective.

The Effects of Napping on Wakefulness and Endurance Performance in Athletes: A Randomized Crossover Study.

Athletes often experience poor sleep quality due to stress, altitude exposure, travel across different time zones, and pre-competition nervousness. Coaches use daytime naps to counteract the negative effects of fragmented nighttime sleep. Napping before competitions has also been used to enhance performance in athletes without sleep problems, with mixed results in previous studies, particularly for endurance performance.

Differential neural response to psychoanalytic intervention techniques during structural interviewing: A single-case analysis using EEG.

Background: Previous studies detected changes in the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal as an effect of psychoanalytic interventions. However, no study has investigated neural correlates of specific psychoanalytic interventions in the EEG power spectrum yet. In the present case study, we contrasted three types of interventions (clarification, confrontation, and interpretation) and a neutral control condition during a structural psychoanalytic interview conducted while EEG was recorded.

The Effects of Exercise Therapy Moderated by Sex in Rehabilitation of COVID-19.

Standardized exercise therapy programs in pulmonary rehabilitation have been shown to improve physical performance and lung function parameters in post-acute COVID-19 patients. However, it has not been investigated if these positive effects are equally beneficial for both sexes. The purpose of this study was to analyze outcomes of a pulmonary rehabilitation program with respect to sex differences, in order to identify sex-specific pulmonary rehabilitation requirements.

Pseudoprospective Paraclinical Interaction of Radiology Residents With a Deep Learning System for Prostate Cancer Detection: Experience, Performance, and Identification of the Need for Intermittent Recalibration.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prospective utility of a previously retrospectively validated convolutional neural network (CNN) for prostate cancer (PC) detection on prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: The biparametric (T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted) portion of clinical multiparametric prostate MRI from consecutive men included between November 2019 and September 2020 was fully automatically and individually analyzed by a CNN briefly after image acquisition (pseudoprospective design). Radiology residents performed 2 research Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) assessments of the multiparametric dataset independent from clinical reporting (paraclinical design) before and after review of the CNN results and completed a survey.

Weight Loss and Fat Metabolism during Multi-Day High-Altitude Sojourns: A Hypothesis Based on Adipocyte Signaling.

Several publications and random observations have reported weight loss in high-altitude sojourners of both sexes. This could be a result of multiple adaptations, which hypoxia and mountaineering provoke on a cellular and organic level. Several publications have discussed the effect on appetite-regulating hormones to be one of the main contributing factors.

Expiratory Peak Flow and Minute Ventilation Are Significantly Increased at High Altitude versus Simulated Altitude in Normobaria.

Simulated altitude (normobaric hypoxia, NH) is used to study physiologic hypoxia responses of altitude. However, several publications show differences in physiological responses between NH and hypobaric conditions at altitude (hypobaric hypoxia, HH). The causality for these differences is controversially discussed.

Fully Automatic Deep Learning in Bi-institutional Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Effects of Cohort Size and Heterogeneity.

Background: The potential of deep learning to support radiologist prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpretation has been demonstrated.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increased and diversified training data (TD) on deep learning performance for detection and segmentation of clinically significant prostate cancer-suspicious lesions.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, biparametric (T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted) prostate MRI acquired with multiple 1.

Extreme sports performance for more than a week with severely fractured sleep.

Purpose: Severely fractured sleep is mostly portrayed negatively, but investigations in extreme sports show that humans can maintain performance with a minimum of sleep. With two cases of long-lasting extreme sports performances, we demonstrate that severely fragmented sleep does not necessarily lead to a deterioration of physical and cognitive performance.

Methods: We performed continuous polysomnography on a 34 year-old skier for 11 days and nights during a world record attempt in long-term downhill skiing and monitored a 32 year-old cyclist during the Race Across America for 8.

Abnormal things happening during sleep: parasomnias.

Parasomnias are characterized by abnormal experiences, dreams, movements and behavior during sleep. They may occur in the middle of the sleep during REM (rapid eye movement) or NREM (non-rapid eye movement), during falling asleep or waking up. Characteristically for REM behavior disorder is an increased muscle tone although usually REM is defined by an absence of muscle tone.

Assessment of sleep and sleep disorders in geriatric patients.

Sufficient and refreshing sleep is important for good health, physical and cognitive functioning as well as quality of life. An assessment of sleep quality and sleep disorders is therefore mandatory in geriatric patients. Despite a variety of clinical assessment tools for screening and diagnosing sleep disorders, only some of them have been validated in older subjects and nearly none in geriatric patients or in individuals with dementia.

Fifth metacarpal instability and its effect on hamatometacarpal arthritis patterns-a cadaver study.

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the fifth carpometacarpal joint is a rare diagnosis with most cases occurring post-traumatically. The joint's ligamentous supports have not been described extensively; however we know that the volar and intermetacarpal ligaments acts as the primary stabilizers. The major deforming forces on this joint are the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) dorsally and the flexor carpi ulnaris volarly, via the pisimetacarpal ligament.

Cultural adaptation and evaluation of the measurement properties of the Berlin Questionnaire for Brazil.

Objective: to produce the Brazilian version of the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) with evidence of reliability and validity.

Method: The cultural adaptation was carried out in the following stages: translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, evaluation by an expert committee and pre-test with 30 participants. Next, the psychometric properties were evaluated with 104 participants who answered the Brazilian version of the BQ and underwent polysomnography (PSG).