Real-Time Automated Measurements of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Noninvasive Assessment of Intracranial Pressure in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is a promising noninvasive parameter for intracranial pressure (ICP) assessment. However, in the setting of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), several previous studies have reported no association between ultrasonically measured ONSD and ICP. In this study, we evaluate ONSD in patients with aSAH using a novel method of automated real-time ultrasonographic measurements and explore whether factors such as having undergone surgery affects its association to ICP.

Noninvasive Assessment of Intracranial Pressure: Deformability Index as an Adjunct to Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter to Increase Diagnostic Ability.

Background: Today, invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement remains the standard, but its invasiveness limits availability. Here, we evaluate a novel ultrasound-based optic nerve sheath parameter called the deformability index (DI) and its ability to assess ICP noninvasively. Furthermore, we ask whether combining DI with optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), a more established parameter, results in increased diagnostic ability, as compared to using ONSD alone.

Noninvasive intracranial pressure assessment by optic nerve sheath diameter: Automated measurements as an alternative to clinician-performed measurements.

Introduction: Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has shown promise as a noninvasive parameter for estimating intracranial pressure (ICP). In this study, we evaluated a novel automated method of measuring the ONSD in transorbital ultrasound imaging.

Methods: From adult traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with invasive ICP monitoring, bedside manual ONSD measurements and ultrasound videos of the optic nerve sheath complex were simultaneously acquired.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in traumatic brain injury: A systematic review of its complications, effect on mortality, diagnostic and therapeutic management, and follow-up.

Objective: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is increasingly being recognized in the setting of traumatic brain injury (TBI), but its effect on TBI patients and its management remains uncertain. Here, we systematically review the currently available evidence on the complications, effect on mortality and the diagnostic and therapeutic management and follow-up of CVST in the setting of TBI.

Methods: Key clinical questions were posed and used to define the scope of the review within the following topics of complications; effect on mortality; diagnostics; therapeutics; recanalization and follow-up of CVST in TBI.

Vasospasm Surveillance by a Simplified Transcranial Doppler Protocol in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To detect post-traumatic vasospasm in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), we implemented a simplified transcranial Doppler (TCD) surveillance protocol in a neurointensive care setting. In this study, we evaluate the yield of this protocol.

Methods: Adult patients with TBI admitted to the neurointensive care unit were examined with TCD by 2 intensive care nurses trained in TCD examinations.

Cerebral venous thrombosis in traumatic brain injury: a cause of secondary insults and added mortality.

Objective: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is increasingly recognized in traumatic brain injury (TBI), but its complications and effect on outcome remain undetermined. In this study, the authors characterize the complications and outcome effect of CVT in TBI patients.

Methods: In a retrospective, case-control study of patients included in the Oslo University Hospital trauma registry and radiology registry from 2008 to 2014, the authors identified TBI patients with CVT (cases) and without CVT (controls).

Angiogenin protects motoneurons against hypoxic injury.

Cells can adapt to hypoxia through the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which in turn regulates the expression of hypoxia-responsive genes. Defects in hypoxic signaling have been suggested to underlie the degeneration of motoneurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have recently identified mutations in the hypoxia-responsive gene, angiogenin (ANG), in ALS patients, and have shown that ANG is constitutively expressed in motoneurons.