Burden and consequence of birth defects in Nepal-evidence from prospective cohort study.

Background: Every year an estimated 7.9 million babies are born with birth defect. Of these babies, more than 3 million die and 3.

Incidence, risk factors and consequences of preterm birth - findings from a multi-centric observational study for 14 months in Nepal.

Background: Preterm birth is a worldwide epidemic and a leading cause of neonatal mortality. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and consequences of preterm birth in Nepal.

Methods: This was an observational study conducted in 12 public hospitals of Nepal.

Frequency-dependent changes of local resting oscillations in sleep-deprived brain.

Sleep deprivation (SD) adversely affects brain function and is accompanied by frequency dependent changes in EEG. Recent studies have suggested that BOLD fluctuations pertain to a spatiotemporal organization with different frequencies. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency-dependent SD-related brain oscillatory activity by using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) analysis.

Motor network plasticity and low-frequency oscillations abnormalities in patients with brain gliomas: a functional MRI study.

Brain plasticity is often associated with the process of slow-growing tumor formation, which remodels neural organization and optimizes brain network function. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether motor function plasticity would display deficits in patients with slow-growing brain tumors located in or near motor areas, but who were without motor neurological deficits. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to probe motor networks in 15 patients with histopathologically confirmed brain gliomas and 15 age-matched healthy controls.

Spinal cystic schwannoma: an MRI evaluation.

Spinal cystic schwannomas are a very rare entity and have been reported in only a few case reports in literature; its diagnosis and management has remained a challenge. This study reviewed the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 12 patients (7 men and 5 women; aged 37 - 67 years; mean age: 52.75 years) with pathologically proven cystic schwannoma of the spine and discussed their differential diagnosis.

Does diffusion tensor tractography of the corticospinal tract correctly reflect motor function?

Objective: To investigate the consistency of diffusion tensor tractography of the corticospinal tract on motor function. CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS AND INTERVENTION: Three patients with brain tumor were admitted to our hospital with impaired motor function. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography were performed in these patients to assess their affected corticospinal tract.

Diffusion tensor imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in brain tumor: Correlation between structure and metabolism.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging are non-invasive techniques used to detect metabolites and water diffusion in vivo. Previous studies have confirmed a positive correlation of individual fractional anisotropy values with N-acetylaspartate/creatine and N-acetylaspartate/choline ratios in tumors, edema, and normal white matter. This study divided the brain parenchyma into tumor, peritumoral edema, and normal-appearing white matter according to MRI data, and analyzed the correlation of metabolites with water molecular diffusion.

Atypical presentation of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: is chronic inflammation a perpetrator?

Objective: To report an atypical presentation of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO).

Clinical Presentation And Intervention: A 59-year-old man was investigated for productive cough of 1 month. An antimycobacterial combination regime was initiated with a misdiagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis.

Differentiation of pure vasogenic edema and tumor-infiltrated edema in patients with peritumoral edema by analyzing the relationship of axial and radial diffusivities on 3.0T MRI.

Object: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) in peritumoral edema of high grade glioma, metastasis, and meningioma, and to differentiate tumor-infiltrated edema from pure vasogenic edema.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients with high-grade glioma and 16 with meningioma or metastatic tumor were enrolled in our study. All cases were confirmed by histopathological study.

A pharmaco-fMRI study on pain networks induced by electrical stimulation after sumatriptan injection.

Sumatriptan, a drug widely used to alleviate migraine headaches, has several somatosensory adverse effects, including tactile allodynia. To understand whether sumatriptan affects sensory and affective circuitries simultaneously, we investigated the responses of 12 healthy volunteers to electrical stimuli after infusion with either sumatriptan or saline. Using a double-blind crossover study design, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure brain activation in different areas during electrical stimulation.

Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in grading knee chondral defects.

Purpose: To determine the accuracy of routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the grading of knee cartilage lesions through a meta-analysis.

Methods: A search of English-language literature published before February 2012 was carried out in PubMed. Articles using arthroscopy as a gold standard, a 6-knee region dividing method, and a 5-level grading system were included in our meta-analysis.

A preliminary study of the dysregulation of the resting networks in first-episode medication-naive adolescent depression.

Recent developments in depression studies have heightened the need for investigating adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD). Many previous neuroimaging studies used task designs and found consistent results in the dysfunction of brain regions in depressed adolescent patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the topological properties of brain functional networks of adolescents with MDD from an integrated view.

Spinal extradural meningeal cysts: an MRI evaluation of a case series and literature review.

Study Design: Case series and literature review.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of extradural spinal meningeal cysts (SMCs) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and discuss their classifications and etiology, as well as exploring the choice of treatment.

Summary Of Background Data: Spinal extradural meningeal cysts are a rare type of SMC.

A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of human brain in pain-related areas induced by electrical stimulation with different intensities.

Background: Pain-related studies have mainly been performed through traditional methods, which lack the rigorous analysis of anatomical locations. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a noninvasive method detecting neural activity, and has the ability to precisely locate related activations in vivo. Moreover, few studies have used painful stimulation of changed intensity to investigate relevant functioning nuclei in the human brain.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the retro peritoneum.

Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma (ASPS), also called Alveolar Soft-Tissue Sarcoma, is a rare type of soft-tissue neoplasm with a poor long term prognosis. Such tumors originating in the retro peritoneal space are extremely rare. In this article we discuss a 34-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital with an increasing mass in her left lower abdomen.

Case Report: Littoral cell angioma of spleen.

Littoral cell angioma is a rare primary vascular neoplasm of the spleen, composed of littoral cells that line the splenic sinuses of the red pulp. It was thought to be a benign, incidental lesion. However, many recent reports have described it to be a malignant lesion with congenital and immunological associations.