Plasma cholesterol-lowering potential of edible-oil blends suitable for commercial use.

We tested semihardened blends of edible oils, suitable for commercial food manufacture, with a lower-than-conventional saturated fatty acid content, for their effects on plasma cholesterol. Twenty-six mildly hypercholesterolemic men took part in a double-blind crossover experiment in which two test blends were compared with two control dietary periods [which resembled the Australian fat intake: proportions of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and saturated fatty acids (PMS) 0.4:0.

A low-sodium diet supplemented with fish oil lowers blood pressure in the elderly.

Objective: To examine effects of dietary fish oil supplementation with sodium restriction on blood pressure in the elderly.

Design: In a double-blind dietary intervention lasting 4 weeks, parallel comparisons of blood pressure were made in volunteers assigned to one of four treatment groups: fish oil and low sodium; fish oil and normal sodium; sunflower oil and low sodium; or sunflower oil and normal sodium.

Setting: Subjects lived at home and attended our nutrition research clinic at fortnightly intervals for dietary counselling and blood pressure measurement.

Linoleic acid lowers LDL cholesterol without a proportionate displacement of saturated fatty acid.

We tested the specificity of the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of linoleic acid in a comparison of linoleate-rich and saturated fatty acid-rich foods. Twelve mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women ate the two diets for three weeks each in a random cross-over design, after a two-week baseline period. A linoleic acid-rich supplement was added to the baseline diet so that the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid content did not change significantly.

Model development to describe the heterogeneous kinetics of apolipoprotein B and triglyceride in hypertriglyceridemic subjects.

The heterogeneous nature of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism in hypertriglyceridemia gives rise to complex kinetics when labeled VLDL are traced. Analysis of such systems benefits from the simultaneous study of several metabolically discrete subfractions which are then integrated. We have studied the kinetics of VLDL and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) apoprotein B and triglyceride simultaneously by injecting homologous 125I-labeled VLDL1 and 131I-labeled VLDL2 and [2-3H]glycerol intravenously in three diverse type IV hyperlipoproteinemic subjects.

Effects of dietary sodium restriction and fish oil supplements on blood pressure in the elderly.

1. The effects on blood pressure of dietary fish oil, sodium restriction and a combination of both strategies were examined in a short-term dietary intervention study of 50 healthy elderly subjects (average age 67 years) with mean initial systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 133 and 77 mmHg, respectively. 2.

Barley and wheat foods: influence on plasma cholesterol concentrations in hypercholesterolemic men.

Twenty-one mildly hypercholesterolemic men aged 30-59 y were provided with comparable barley and wheat foods for each of 4 wk in a crossover-designed experiment. The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of two sources of dietary fiber (nonstarch polysaccharides, NSP) on blood lipids and glucose concentrations. Barley contains beta-glucan as a source of soluble dietary fiber (DF) whereas wheat contains the largely insoluble cellulose and hemicellulose fiber.

Lipid, lipoprotein, and hemostatic effects of fish vs fish-oil n-3 fatty acids in mildly hyperlipidemic males.

The effects of fish and fish oil on lipids, hemostasis, and blood pressure were compared in 25 mildly hyperlipidemic men who received 4.5 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) daily for 5 wk. Six additional subjects served as controls.

Cholesterol accumulation in J774 macrophages induced by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Comparison of very low density lipoprotein from subjects with type III, IV, and V hyperlipoproteinemias.

The capacity of human triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to induce cholesterol accumulation in the murine J774 macrophage cell line was investigated with large very low density lipoprotein (VLDL, Sf 60-400) obtained from subjects with type III, IV, and V hyperlipoproteinemias. After incubation for 24 hours, VLDLs from type IV and type V subjects were similar in their ability to raise cellular cholesterol deposition threefold to fourfold and cellular triglyceride 16-fold. The increase in cholesterol was entirely due to the dramatic increase in cholesterol ester, from less than 1 to greater than 50 micrograms/mg cell protein.

Can eating baked beans lower plasma cholesterol?

The plasma cholesterol lowering potential of canned baked beans was examined in a cross-over comparison with canned spaghetti. The difference in total dietary non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) of 12 g daily (6.6 g difference in soluble NSP), was insufficient to alter the plasma cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose concentrations in 20 mildly hyper-cholesterolaemic men.

Comparative effects of three cereal brans on plasma lipids, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism in mildly hypercholesterolemic men.

Dietary fiber lowers atherogenic serum lipids and blood pressure and improves glucose metabolism. We compared in 24 mildly hypercholesterolemic men the effects of adding 11.8 g dietary fiber/d from each of three cereal brans (wheat, rice, and oat) to a low-fiber diet for 4 wk each.

Retroendocytosis of high density lipoproteins by the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2.

When human HepG2 hepatoma cells were pulsed with 125I-labeled high density lipoproteins (HDL) and chased in fresh medium, up to 65% of the radioactivity released was precipitable with trichloroacetic acid. Cell-internalized 125I-HDL contributed to the release of acid-precipitable material; when cells were treated with trypsin before the chase to remove 125I-HDL bound to the outer cell membrane, 50% of the released material was still acid-precipitable. Characterization of the radioactive material resecreted by trypsinized cells revealed the presence of particles that were similar in size and density to mature HDL and contained intact apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and A-II.

n-3 fatty acids of marine origin lower systolic blood pressure and triglycerides but raise LDL cholesterol compared with n-3 and n-6 fatty acids from plants.

We compared the cardiovascular risk-reduction potential of three major polyunsaturated fatty acids in a double-blind study. Thirty-three normotensive and mildly hypercholesterolemic men were randomly allocated to one of three diets supplemented with linoleic acid (14.3 g/d), alpha-linolenic acid (9.

Comparison of simvastatin and cholestyramine in the treatment of primary hypercholesterolaemia.

The effects of simvastatin, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, on plasma lipid levels were compared with those of the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine in a randomized parallel study of 60 subjects with primary hypercholesterolaemia. After a 12-week direct comparison period 37 subjects with inadequate cholesterol reduction received a combination of both drugs and all subjects were followed for a further 40 weeks. Simvastatin was more effective than cholestyramine in lowering total and LDL cholesterol levels and the LDL/HDL ratio (-31.

On the mechanism by which an ACAT inhibitor (CL 277,082) influences plasma lipoproteins in the rat.

CL 277,082 is an inhibitor of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). The effects of this drug on lipoprotein metabolism have been examined in cholesterol-fed rats. An optimal dose of drug incorporated into the diet (0.

Relationship between sensitivity to dietary fat and dietary cholesterol.

A group of 56 hypercholesterolemic and normocholesterolemic men and women were given approximately 700 mg a day of egg yolk cholesterol in a double-blind, crossover study while they were on a background diet containing approximately 30% of energy as fat. Overall there was a 0.23 mmol/l rise in plasma cholesterol (3.

Lack of effect of fish oil supplementation on blood pressure in treated hypertensives.

Fish and fish oils have been reported to reduce blood pressure in normotensives and untreated hypertensives. The present study examined the effect of dietary supplementation with fish oil on blood pressure in 20 treated hypertensives with controlled blood pressures who continued their usual antihypertensive drug treatment throughout. A double-blind, randomized crossover design was used, with two phases, each of 8 weeks' duration.

Modulation of the hypolipidemic effect of fish oils by dietary fiber in rats: studies with rice and wheat bran.

Adult male rats were fed a purified diet containing rice bran or wheat bran with or without a marine fish oil to investigate the possible effects of such dietary combinations on lipid metabolism. Plasma and hepatic triacylglycerols and hepatic lipogenesis were lowered significantly by feeding fish oil with rice bran but not with wheat bran. Plasma cholesterol and hepatic cholesterol synthesis were significantly lower in animals fed fish oil with either bran.

Effect of a high fat/cholesterol diet with or without eicosapentaenoic acid on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and lipid transfer protein activity in the marmoset.

Marmosets fed a diet supplemented with 0.2% cholesterol and 10% sheep fat (by weight) developed hypercholesterolemia with a 4-fold increase in plasma cholesterol (4.28 +/- 0.

Effect of fish oil on lipoproteins, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, and lipid transfer protein activity in humans.

A group of 33 mildly hypercholesterolemic men were stratified into three groups on diets closely matched except for the polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement. The first group received 14 g/day of linoleic acid (safflower oil); the second group, 9 g of alpha-linolenic acid (linseed oil); and the third group, 3.8 g of n-3 fatty acids (fish oil).