In-ovo injection of Bacillus subtilis, raffinose, and their combinations enhances hatchability, gut health, nutrient transport- and intestinal function-related genes, and early development of broiler chicks.

An experiment was conducted to assess the response of chicks to in-ovo injection of Bacillus subtilis (probiotic), raffinose (prebiotic), and their combinations. The study used 1,500 embryonated eggs allotted to 10 groups/ 6 replicates (150 eggs/group). The experimental treatments were: 1) un-injected control (NC); 2) sham (sterile distilled water) (PC); 3) probiotic 4 × 10CFU/egg (LBS); 4) probiotic 4 × 10CFU/egg (HBS); 5) prebiotic 2 mg/egg (LR); (6 prebiotic 3 mg/egg (HR); 7) probiotic 4 × 10CFU + prebiotic 2 mg/egg (LBS+LR); 8) probiotic 4 × 10CFU + prebiotic 3 mg/egg (LBS+HR); 9) probiotic 4 × 10CFU + prebiotic 2 mg/egg (HBS+LR); and 10) probiotic 4 × 10CFU + prebiotic 3 mg/egg (HBS+HR).