Establishment and Validation of Pathogenic CS17 and CS19 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Challenge Models in the New World Primate Aotus nancymaae.

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) is a common cause of diarrheal illness in the military, travelers, and children living in low- to middle-income countries. Increased antibiotic resistance, the absence of a licensed vaccine, and the lack of broadly practical therapeutics perpetuate the significant health and financial burden resulting from ETEC infection. A critical step in the evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics is preclinical screening in a relevant animal disease model that closely replicates human disease.

Validation of the T86I mutation in the gyrA gene as a highly reliable real time PCR target to detect Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni.

Background: Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide, and increasing rates of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in C. jejuni are a major public health concern. The rapid detection and tracking of FQ resistance are critical needs in developing countries, as these antimicrobials are widely used against C.

Distribution of Capsular Types of Isolates from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children in Peru.

is the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. A capsular polysaccharide (CPS) conjugate vaccine is under development and requires determination of the valency. However, distribution of CPS types circulating globally is presently poorly described.

Enhanced Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Conjugate Vaccine Coadministered with Liposomes Containing Monophosphoryl Lipid A and QS-21.

is among the most common causes of diarrheal disease worldwide and efforts to develop protective measures against the pathogen are ongoing. One of the few defined virulence factors targeted for vaccine development is the capsule polysaccharide (CPS). We have developed a capsule conjugate vaccine against strain 81-176 (CPS-CRM) that is immunogenic in mice and nonhuman primates (NHPs) but only moderately immunogenic in humans when delivered alone or with aluminum hydroxide.

Establishment, Validation, and Application of a New World Primate Model of Enterotoxigenic Disease for Vaccine Development.

The establishment of an animal model that closely approximates enterotoxigenic (ETEC) disease in humans is critical for the development and evaluation of vaccines against this enteropathogen. Here, we evaluated the susceptibility of , a New World monkey species, to ETEC infection. Animals were challenged orogastrically with 10 to 10 CFU of the human pathogenic CFA/I ETEC strain H10407 and examined for evidence of diarrhea and fecal shedding of bacteria.

Immunogenicity of a prototype enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli adhesin vaccine in mice and nonhuman primates.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in young children in developing countries and in travelers. Efforts to develop an ETEC vaccine have intensified in the past decade, and intestinal colonization factors (CFs) are somatic components of most investigational vaccines. CFA/I and related Class 5 fimbrial CFs feature a major stalk-forming subunit and a minor, antigenically conserved tip adhesin.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Brucella melitensis isolates in Peru.

Brucellosis is an important public health problem in Peru. We evaluated 48 human Brucella melitensis biotype 1 strains from Peru between 2000 and 2006. MICs of isolates to doxycycline, azithromycin, gentamicin, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were determined by the Etest method.

The effect of preparation of cebiche on the survival of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Background: Cebiche is a common dish in Latin America, prepared using raw fish mixed with vegetables and marinated with lime juice. The acidity of the lime juice is commonly believed to destroy bacteria and render cebiche as safe to eat. Little data exist concerning rates of cebiche-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks, although these may be high given the popularity of the dish.

New World monkey Aotus nancymae as a model for Campylobacter jejuni infection and immunity.

Three groups of six monkeys (Aotus nancymae) each were inoculated intragastrically with increasing doses of Campylobacter jejuni. Infection resulted in fecal colonization (100% of monkeys), dose-related diarrhea, and robust immune responses. Colonization duration and diarrhea rate were reduced upon secondary challenge.

The New World primate, Aotus nancymae, as a model for examining the immunogenicity of a prototype enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli subunit vaccine.

The colonization factors (CF) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are being targeted for inclusion in a multi-subunit ETEC vaccine. This study was designed to examine the preclinical safety and immunogenicity of CF CS6, encapsulated in a biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (meCS6), and administered in the presence or absence of a mutated heat-labile enterotoxin, LT(R192G), in the non-human primate, Aotus nancymae. A.