[Background historical views of systemic treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer.].

Objectives: Bladder cancer is a frequent, chemosensitive disease and has shown good outcomes on several chemotherapy regimens over last 60 years. However, very little improvement has been shown in terms of overall survival and side-effects decrease.

Evidence Acquisition: A review on manuscripts published in English and Spanish from 1949 including the terms chemotherapy and bladder cancer has been performed.

[Radium 223 in castration resistant prostate cancer.].

Objective: To analyze the available evidence on Radium 223 therapy, an alfa particle emitter with specific action on bone metastases, studied on patients with castration resistant prostate cancer.

Evidence Acquisition: We review the pivotal study ALSYMPCA, that served to get the drug approval for this phase of the disease, and the new data obtained from its use. We also performed a search of ongoing studies with Radium 223 alone or in combination with other molecules.

New case of an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with horseshoe kidney.

We review the association between surgically resolvable aortic disease and horseshoe kidney with a discussion of diagnostic problems and therapeutic options. Male patient 81 years of age with horseshoe kidney and an abdominal aortic aneurysm that was discovered by chance in an abdominal ultrasound during a check-up for his prostate condition. A retroperitoneal approach was used in order to resect the aneurysm and perform an aorto-aortic bypass with no complications occurring.

Pelvic hydatid disease as an example of pelvic masses of uncertain aetiology.

We describe two new cases of pelvic hydatid cysts, one with a clinical profile of local compression and the other one asymptomatic. The first case is a 75 year-old man who reported difficulty in defecating and urinating. An ultrasound revealed a large pelvic cystic mass displacing the bladder and rectosigmoid region.

[Inflammatory aortic aneurysm and its relationship to urological disease: a case report and a literature review].

Objective: To report a successfully treated case of inflammatory aortic aneurysm.

Materials And Methods: A 57-year-old patient reported low back pain and urinary infections. An abdominal CT scan revealed a large inflammatory aneurysm in the abdominal aorta.

[Does a pT0 cystectomy specimen imply being tumour-free in the long term?].

Introduction And Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the progress of patients with a pT0 radical cystectomy specimen in order to know what factors are helpful in deciding when the bladder can be preserved.

Material And Methods: We reviewed 153 cases of radical cystectomies performed due to bladder tumours without neoadjuvant therapy between 1995 and 2005 and with a minimum of three years of follow-up. Stage pT0 patients were selected.

[Current treatment of small renal masses].

Unlabelled: Incidental diagnosis of renal carcinoma (RC) is increasingly common due to widespread use of radiodiagnostic techniques for other conditions. In developed countries, incidental tumor account for more than 40% of detected tumors, and 80% of solid kidney tumors less than 4 cm in size are malignant. Standard treatment for these tumors is partial nephrectomy, and their relapse rate is 1%-2% The higher increase in diagnosis of this disease has occurred in patients aged 70 to 90 years, a group where associated comorbidities are very common.

[Prostatic utricle ductal carcinoma. Case report and bibliographic review].

Objective: A case of ductal carcinoma of the prostatic utricle is described, previously known as endometrial carcinoma, and literature is reviewed.

Methods: 75-years-old patient who consults for lower urinary tract obstructive symptoms, with a PSA of 8.1 ng/ml.