Gut microbiome and serum metabolome analyses identify molecular biomarkers and altered glutamate metabolism in fibromyalgia.

Background: Fibromyalgia is a complex, relatively unknown disease characterised by chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain. The gut-brain axis connects the gut microbiome with the brain through the enteric nervous system (ENS); its disruption has been associated with psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders. To gain an insight into the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia and identify diagnostic biomarkers, we combined different omics techniques to analyse microbiome and serum composition.

Diagnostic categorization according to the First International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis (FIWOS) criteria in a series of 11 patients.

Objective: Categorization of patients diagnosed with ocular sarcoidosis during the period 2009-2014.

Methods: The medical records of patients with ocular sarcoidosis were reviewed and variables were collected to categorize the patients according to the criteria of the FIWOS.

Results: We found 11 patients, 7 women and 4 men, with sarcoid uveitis; the median age was 58 years.