Development of inulin nanocarrier for effective oral delivery of insulin: synthesize, optimization, characterization, and biophysical study.

The susceptibility of insulin against gastric acid degradation presents a major challenge for oral insulin delivery. The potential of biopolymer-based nanocarriers was investigated in order to address this issue. Inulin, a biopolymer produced by the halophilic bacterium Salinivibrio sp.

Pharmacology, phytochemistry and toxicity of a review.

belongs to the Ophioglosaceae family is referred to as in China. Historically, this terrestrial plant has been utilised for its anti-inflammatory properties and treatment of various ailments, with several scientific studies corroborating its efficacy. Compounds involved in it pharmacoloogy activities are Ugonin (U,J,K,M) and Neougonin A.

Dual-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Celecoxib Delivery: Amine Grafting and Imidazolyl PEI Gatekeepers for Enhanced Loading and Controlled Release with Reduced Toxicity.

The development of targeted drug delivery systems has been a pivotal area in nanomedicine, addressing challenges like low drug loading capacity, uncontrolled release, and systemic toxicity. This study aims to develop and evaluate dual-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) for targeted delivery of celecoxib, enhancing drug loading, achieving controlled release, and reducing systemic toxicity through amine grafting and imidazolyl polyethyleneimine (PEI) gatekeepers. MSN were synthesized using the sol-gel method and functionalized with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) to create amine-grafted MSN (MSN-NH).

Roxb. Leaves Ethanol Extract Ameliorates Lipid and Proinflammatory Cytokines Profiles in a Rat Model of Dyslipidemia.

Objectives: Dyslipidemia has currently become a major health challenge that still opens for safer and more effective modes of treatment. The plant Roxb. (pandan) has been indicated to contain active ingredients that interfere with the pathological pathway of dyslipidemia.

Activity of isoflavone in managing polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms (Review).

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal and metabolic disorder manifested in women of reproductive age, is still being treated using drugs with side effects. As an alternative to these drugs, isoflavone, also identified as phytoestrogen, has anti-PCOS activity. Isoflavone can help relieve PCOS symptoms by lowering the level of testosterone, which causes hyperandrogenism, thereby normalizing the menstrual cycle and restoring normal ovarian morphology.

and studies of the potential cytotoxic, antioxidant, and HMG CoA reductase inhibitory effects of chitin from Indonesia mangrove crab () shells.

This study aimed to characterize chitin extracted from Indonesia mangrove crab () shells, as well as to assess its cytotoxic, antioxidant, and HMG CoA reductase inhibitory potentials. molecular docking, molecular dynamic, and ADMET prediction analyses were also carried out. Chitin was extracted from mangrove crab shells using deproteination and demineralization processes, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) characterization are then performed.

Plasma Levels of Interleukin-6 and -18 Significantly Increase in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Objectives: Inflammatory pathways play a significant role in atherosclerosis that leads to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The initial stages of atherosclerosis are often asymptomatic; when atherosclerotic plaques become unstable it leads to ACS. Therefore, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of atherosclerosis must be sought.

In Vivo Pharmacodynamics of as Antiobesity with In Silico Molecular Docking and ADME/Pharmacokinetic Prediction Studies.

This study aims to determine the antiobesity activity of leaves extract (CSLE) on high fat diet-fed rats (HFD) and to predict the molecular docking and pharmacokinetics of selected compounds of to fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO). Daily body weight, organ, carcass fat (renal and anal), body mass index, total cholesterol, and total triglyceride levels were observed after CSLE was given orally for 50 days. Furthermore, body mass index of a CSLE dose of 50 mg/kgbw, 100 mg/kgbw and orlistat (120 mg/kgbw) group are 0.

Peptide derived albumin as a natural angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.

As one of the most popular sources for fish albumin, has been considered as a promising substitute for human albumin. However, scientific information regarding its genomic and proteomic is very limited, making its identification rather complicated. In this study, we aimed to isolate, characterize, and examine the bioactivity of protein and peptide derivatives of albumin.

Decreased Expression of EP3 Receptor mRNA in the Brain of Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background: Accumulating evidence has implicated the role of neuroinflammation in the pathology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder.

Objectives: To investigate the expression of prostaglandin EP3 (EP3) receptor mRNA in the brain of ASD mouse model.

Methods: Pregnant mice were injected with valproic acid (VPA) 500 mg/kg intraperitoneally at 12.

Confounders in Identification and Analysis of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Proinflammatory biomarkers have been increasingly used in epidemiologic and intervention studies over the past decades to evaluate and identify an association of systemic inflammation with cardiovascular diseases. Although there is a strong correlation between the elevated level of inflammatory biomarkers and the pathology of various cardiovascular diseases, the mechanisms of the underlying cause are unclear. Identification of pro-inflammatory biomarkers such as cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins, and other soluble immune factors can help in the early diagnosis of disease.

Xylan from Pineapple Stem Waste: a Potential Biopolymer for Colonic Targeting of Anti-inflammatory Agent Mesalamine.

We have successfully conjugated mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA) with xylan, a biopolymer isolated from pineapple stem waste, to form xylan-5-ASA conjugate. The biopolymer was used to provide colon-targeting properties for 5-ASA, a golden standard anti-inflammatory agent commonly used for ulcerative colitis treatment. A series of data from FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and HPLC confirmed the xylan-5-ASA conjugate formation.

Fractionation using adsorptive macroporous resin HPD-600 enhances antioxidant activity of L. seed hard shell extract.

In this study, antioxidant activities and identification of the bioactive substances in L. (Gg) seed hard shell were evaluated. The seed of L.

In Vitro Study on Antihypertensive and Antihypercholesterolemic Effects of a Curcumin Nanoemulsion.

Atherosclerosis and hypertension can potentially progess into dangerous cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Statins are widely used to lower cholesterol levels while antihypertensive agents such as captopril are widely prescribed to treat high blood pressure. Curcumin, a phenolic compound isolated from Curcuma domestica, has been proven effective for a broad spectrum of diseases, including hypertension and hypercholesterolemia.

The flow dependency of Tie2 expression in endotoxemia.

Rationale: Tie2 is predominantly expressed by endothelial cells and is involved in vascular integrity control during sepsis. Changes in Tie2 expression during sepsis development may contribute to microvascular dysfunction. Understanding the kinetics and molecular basis of these changes may assist in the development of therapeutic intervention to counteract microvascular dysfunction.

Pleiotropic effects of angiopoietin-2 deficiency do not protect mice against endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury.

Background: In sepsis and various other inflammatory conditions, elevated circulating levels of angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) are detected, but the precise functional role of Ang2 in these conditions is not well understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of Ang2 to the inflammatory response and renal function impairment in a mouse model of endotoxaemia.

Methods: Ang2-deficient mice and wild-type littermates were challenged with lipopolysaccharide [LPS; 1500 EU/g, intraperitoneal (i.

Age-dependent role of microvascular endothelial and polymorphonuclear cells in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury.

Background: The incidence of acute kidney injury following severe sepsis is higher in the elderly. We hypothesized that microvascular endothelium is "primed" by aging and that sepsis represents a "second hit," resulting in more severe microvascular complications.

Methods: Three- and 18-months-old mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1,500 EU/g body weight lipopolysaccharide and sacrificed after 8 h.

Shock-induced stress induces loss of microvascular endothelial Tie2 in the kidney which is not associated with reduced glomerular barrier function.

Both hemorrhagic shock and endotoxemia induce a pronounced vascular activation in the kidney which coincides with albuminuria and glomerular barrier dysfunction. We hypothesized that changes in Tie2, a vascular restricted receptor tyrosine kinase shown to control microvascular integrity and endothelial inflammation, underlie this loss of glomerular barrier function. In healthy murine and human kidney, Tie2 is heterogeneously expressed in all microvascular beds, although to different extents.