The Impact of Orthodontic Extrusion on Keratinized Gingiva.

: The key factor that enables osteoblastic activity and the formation of new bone, as well as gingiva, during orthodontic tooth extrusion (OE) is the periodontal ligament. The reaction of periodontal tissues associated with changes in the gingiva is a part of orthodontic tooth displacement. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of OE on the width of the zone of the keratinized and attached gingiva, the position of the mucogingival junction, and the height of the interdental papillae in the region where the OE was performed as well as in the adjacent region.

Treatment of Open Bite Based on Skeletal Anchorage Using Extrusion Lever Arms and Class III Elastics.

A 26-year-old woman had a masticatory dysfunction, straight profile, retrognathic maxilla and mandible, and Angle's class I with a tendency to class III malocclusion on both sides, with bilateral posterior crossbites and a 4 mm anterior open bite. Orthognathic surgery and orthodontic camouflage with and without tooth extraction were considered as treatment options. The patient's preferred method of treatment was orthodontic camouflage without extraction.

Dental age and skeletal maturity assessment in patients with cerebral palsy.

The aims of this study were to calculate the estimated dental age and the degree of skeletal maturity in patients with cerebral palsy and control patients (i.e., without a diagnosis of cerebral palsy) and to compare the findings with the chronological age of patients in both study groups.

Dental Age Estimation According to European Formula and Willems Method: Comparison Between Children With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate.

Objective: To assess dental age and deviations of dental from chronological age according to the Willems and Cameriere methods (European formula) in patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) and compare it with control group.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: Clinic of Orthodontics.

Age estimation in children based on open apices measurement in the Serbian population: Belgrade Age Formula (BAF).

Cameriere's method has been tested in many populations and is widely accepted for dental age estimation. To establish a new formula for age estimation by measurement of open apices of mandibular teeth based on Cameriere's European formula. Panoramic radiographs of 333 healthy Serbian children aged 5-14 years were analysed by two independent researchers.

The third molars for indicating legal adult age in Montenegro.

Aim: From a medico-legal and penalty point of view, it is essential to conclude if an individual is a minor or an adult (18 years of age). Methods based on the third molar development have been used for this purpose. The present article aims to verify the Nolla's stages of mineralization of the third molars and a third molar maturity index (I) which is based on the measures of the projections of open apices normalized by their height in the sample of Montenegrins.

Dental maturity assessment in Serbian population: A comparison of Cameriere's European formula and Willems' method.

Aims: To test the applicability of European formula for dental maturity estimation in non-adults on Serbian sample and compare its accuracy with Willems' age estimation method.

Materials And Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 423 children (192 boys and 231 girls) aged between 5 to 15 were evaluated. Willems' method and European formula were applied to estimate dental age.

Relationship between the vertical craniofacial disproportions and the cervicovertebral morphology in adult subjects.

Introduction: Orthodontic diagnosis includes the interpretation of the relations between the craniofacial and cervical system, given the potential impact of the irregularities from one system to another.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine morphological characteristics of the cervical spine, depending on the parameters of the vertical craniofacial growth and gender in adult subjects.

Methods: The sample comprised lateral cephalograms of 120 subjects with different vertical facial growth, aged 17.

Changes in Cervical Lordosis and Cervicovertebral Morphology in Different Ages with the Possibility of Estimating Skeletal Maturity.

Introduction: During growth, proportions of craniofacial and cervical structures are changed. Craniofacial and cervicovertebral structures are morphologically and functionally connected, but their each other's influence is still unknown.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the changes in cervical lordosis and cervicovertebral morphology in different age periods and the possibility of estimating skeletal maturity, based on the percentage of anterior cervical vertebrae body height sum in the total anterior C2-C5 height.

Accuracy of Cameriere's third molar maturity index in assessing legal adulthood on Serbian population.

At the moment, a large number of asylum seekers from the Middle East are passing through Serbia. Most of them do not have identification documents. Also, the past wars in the Balkan region have left many unidentified victims and missing persons.

The correlation between pain perception among patients with six different orthodontic archwires and the degree of dental crowding.

Introduction: Forces generated in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances create tension and compression zones in the periodontal ligament resulting in a painful experience for patients. In the first phase of orthodontic treatment, when leveling of teeth is needed, nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires can be completely engaged in brackets, even in the cases of extreme crowding, exerting small forces. There is a great individual variation in the pain perception related to the application of orthodontic forces.

Radiographic assessment of lower third molar eruption in different anteroposterior skeletal patterns and age-related groups.

Objective: To analyze radiographic predictors for lower third molar eruption among subjects with different anteroposterior skeletal relations and of different age groups.

Materials And Methods: In total, 300 lower third molars were recorded on diagnostic digital orthopantomograms (DPTs) and lateral cephalograms (LCs). The radiographs were grouped according to sagittal intermaxillary angle (ANB), subject age, and level of lower third molar eruption.

Evaluation of facial beauty using anthropometric proportions.

The improvement of a patient's facial appearance is one of the main goals of contemporary orthodontic treatment. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the difference in facial proportions between attractive and anonymous females in order to establish objective facial features which are widely considered as beautiful. The study included two groups: first group consisted of 83 Caucasian female subjects between 22 and 28 years of age who were selected from the population of students at the University of Belgrade, and the second group included 24 attractive celebrity Caucasian females.

Changes in soft tissue profile following the treatment using a Herbst appliance--a photographic analysis.

Background/aim: Aesthetics is the reason for most of the class II malocclusion patients to opt for orthodontic treatment. In order to regulate retrognathic profile Herbst appliance for anterior movement of the mandible can be a treatment of choice. The aim of this study was to determine the soft tissue profile changes following Herbst appliance therapy on before and after treatment photos, using the computer program.

Size of the lower third molar space in relation to age in Serbian population.

Background/aim: It is considered that the shortage of space is the major cause of the third molar impaction. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of insufficient lower third molar eruption space in Serbian population, to question the differences in this frequency in the subjects of different age, to determine the influence of the lower third molar space (retromolar space) size on third molar eruption, and to investigate a possible correlation between the size of gonial angle and the space/third molar width ratio.

Methods: Digital orthopantomograms were taken from 93 patients divided into two groups: early adult (16-18 years of age) and adult (18-26) patients.

Dental age assessment validity of radiographic methods on Serbian children population.

In order to establish reliable age estimation method based on dental development, various correlations between chronological age and real growth were tested. Demirjian's scheme was mostly used, but lately the Willems' method has been found to be more reliable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Demirjian's and Willems' methods for dental age estimation in Serbian children population.

[Dentaoalveolar changes in young adult patients with class II/1 malocclusion treated with the herbst appliance and an activator].

Background/aim: Functional appliances can be used effectively in the treatment of skeletal Class II/1 malocclusions. The best treatment results are obtained during active period of facial growth when skeletal, as well as dentoalveolar, changes occur. In comparison with removable functional appliances, such as activator, that are effective only during adolescent period of growth, the Herbst fixed appliance is also successful at the end of the growth period.

Clinical effects of fixed functional herbst appliance in the treatment of Class II/1 malocclusion.

Introduction: Sagittal mandible deficiency is the most common cause of skeletal Class II malocclusion. Treatment objective is to stimulate sagittal mandible growth. Fixed functional Herbst appliance use is beneficial for shortening the time required for treatment and does not depend on patient compliance.

[Orthodontic treatment of nongrowing patient with Class II Division 2 malocclusion by Herbst appliance].

Background: Inheritance is most casual etiological factor of Class II division 2 malocclusion. This kind of malocclusion is very difficult for treatment specially in older patients.

Case Report: In the female patient, 20 years old, at the beginning of the treatment at the School of Dentistry in Belgrade, lateral cephalogram showed skeletal and dentoalveolar Class II division 2 malocclusion.

[Possibilty of the lower third molar eruption--radiographic analysis].

Background/aim: To assess the possibility of the eruption of the lower third molar on the basis of the measured parameters: retromolar space, mesiodistal crown width of a molar and the third molar angulation.

Methods: The investigation included 104 patients both sexes (43 boys, and 61 girls), 16 to 25 years old (mean age, 18 years). It was performed using the orthopanthomographic radiographs analysis of those patients.