Spinal Cord Stimulation Alleviates Chronic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Due to Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Case Report.

Refractory neuropathic pain can be treated using opioids. We present a case of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to ameliorate neuropathic pain and successfully stop opioid administration in a patient with median nerve injury. A woman presented with median nerve neuropathy.

Correlation between the Closure Time of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants and Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome.

In patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants, the relationship between treatment timing and long-term developmental prognosis remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the age in days when ductus arteriosus closure occurred and long-term development. Preterm infants with a birth weight of less than 1500 g who were admitted to our NICU over a period of 9 years (2011-2019) and were diagnosed with PDA were included.

Survival After Cardiac Laceration From a Gunshot Wound: A Rare Case Report.

In the United States, approximately 48,000 deaths annually are attributed to gunshot wounds, with a notably low survival rate of 24.5% in cases involving cardiac injury. This case report presents a unique instance of a gunshot wound to the heart, where the patient, despite sustaining cardiac damage, maintained stable hemodynamics and underwent successful surgical removal of the bullet from the pericardial cavity.

Impact of prophylactic donor heart tricuspid valve annuloplasty on outcomes in heart transplantation.

Background: Tricuspid regurgitation(TR) following heart transplantation could adversely affect clinical outcomes. In an effort to reduce the incidence of TR, prophylactic donor heart tricuspid valve annuloplasty has been performed during heart transplantation in our institution. We assessed early and long-term outcomes.

Concomitant left atrial appendage closure during left ventricular assist device surgery can reduce ischaemic cerebrovascular accidents.

Objectives: It remains unknown if the left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) at the time of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) surgery can reduce ischaemic cerebrovascular accidents.

Methods: Consecutive 310 patients who underwent LVAD surgery with HeartMate II or 3 between January 2012 and November 2021 were included in this study. The cohort was divided into 2 groups: patients with LAAC (group A) and without LAAC (group B).

Factors associated with the development of epilepsy in very low birth weight infants.

Background: The survival rate of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants has recently improved. However, the occurrence of and factors associated with epilepsy in VLBW infants remain unknown. This study aimed to clarify the incidence, characteristics, and factors associated with epilepsy development in VLBW infants.

c.853T>C (p.Phe285Leu) mutation in Noonan syndrome with chylothorax.

Recent advances in molecular and genetic approaches have identified a number of genes responsible for Noonan syndrome (NS). However, there has been limited analysis of the genotype-phenotype correlation of NS patients. Here, we report the case of a Japanese patient with NS possessing a c.

Construction of a Phantom for Image Quality Evaluation in PET/MRI System.

: There is no phantom for image quality test in magnetic resonance imaging combined with positron emission tomography systems (PET/MRI systems). In MRI, radioactive water phantom containing 2-deoxy-2-[F-18] fluoro-D-glucose (F-FDG) cannot be used due to the dielectric effect. Even for phantoms filled with MR-available solutions, the source current of the RF coil is strongly disturbed as the diameter of the phantom increases.

Autograft Aortic Root Replacement on Allograft During Heart Transplantation.

We present a case of successful heart transplantation using a donor heart with bicuspid aortic valve complicated by moderate aortic insufficiency by replacing the aortic root with the recipient autograft during back-bench preparation.

Giant pulmonary bulla causing respiratory compromise in a very low-birthweight infant.

Acquired cystic lung disease in premature infants is a serious respiratory complication, and pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) has been widely reported. We report a rare case of giant pulmonary bulla in an infant treated with bullectomy where chest computed tomography was useful in directing treatment.

Evaluation of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity following amikacin administration once daily or every 48 hours in neonates.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of once daily (OD) or every 48 hours (every-48-h) administration of amikacin (AMK) on renal function and ototoxicity in neonates. We investigated the frequency of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity in neonates who received AMK OD or every-48-h from April 2015 to March 2021 and underwent dose evaluation by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). In addition, the relationships among birth weight, gestational age, AMK peak and trough values, total duration of AMK administration, and total AMK dose were examined separately for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Human PSCs determine the competency of cerebral organoid differentiation via FGF signaling and epigenetic mechanisms.

Various culture methods have been developed for maintaining human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). These PSC maintenance methods exhibit biased differentiation; for example, feeder-dependent PSCs efficiently yield cerebral organoids, but it is difficult to generate organoids from feeder-free PSCs. It remains unknown how PSC maintenance conditions affect differentiation.

Volvulus of the stomach and wandering spleen after repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: unexpected manifestations in a neonate.

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is sometimes associated with complications involving herniation of intrathoracic organs, which further increase mortality rate. We encountered a case of postoperative gastric and splenic volvulus shortly after left CDH repair in a female neonate who was treated with gastropexy.

Case Presentation: At 39 weeks gestation, a female patient with left Bochdalek CDH was delivered (birth weight: 3748 g, Apgar score: 3/4).

Multimodal analyses of a non-human primate model harboring mutant amyloid precursor protein transgenes driven by the human EF1α promoter.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia which afflicts tens of millions of people worldwide. Despite many scientific progresses to dissect the AD's molecular basis from studies on various mouse models, it has been suffered from evolutionary species differences. Here, we report generation of a non-human primate (NHP), common marmoset model ubiquitously expressing Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) transgenes with the Swedish (KM670/671NL) and Indiana (V717F) mutations.

Structural Basis for Anti-non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diabetic Dyslipidemia Drug Saroglitazar as a PPAR α/γ Dual Agonist.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor-type transcription factors that consist of three subtypes (α, γ, and β/δ) with distinct functions and PPAR dual/pan agonists are expected to be the next generation of drugs for metabolic diseases. Saroglitazar is the first clinically approved PPARα/γ dual agonist for treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia and is currently in clinical trials to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the structural information of its interaction with PPARα/γ remains unknown. We recently revealed the high-resolution co-crystal structure of saroglitazar and the PPARα-ligand binding domain (LBD) through X-ray crystallography, and in this study, we report the structure of saroglitazar and the PPARγ-LBD.

Low Skeletal Muscle Mass Is Associated With Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder Due To Decreased Neurogenesis in Rats.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a postsurgical complication associated with neuroinflammation and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, in which brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role. Sarcopenia refers to age-related muscle loss that causes cognitive decline, muscle atrophy, and postoperative delirium. Rats with tail suspension (TS) were used to represent a low-activity model, which involves decreased hind limb function by TS.

Index for the appropriate vancomycin dosing in premature neonates and infants.

Background: In neonates, vancomycin (VCM) is used to treat Gram-positive bacterial infections. However, VCM blood concentrations are affected by gestational age, bodyweight (BW), and renal function. The initial VCM dose adjustment can therefore be difficult, and few reports have evaluated this issue.

A novel case of concurrent occurrence of demyelinating-polyneuropathy-causing PMP22 duplication and SOX10 gene mutation producing severe hypertrophic neuropathy.

Background: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, also referred to as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), is most often caused by a duplication of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene. This duplication causes CMT type 1A (CMT1A). CMT1A rarely occurs in combination with other hereditary neuromuscular disorders.