Monitoring Changes in the Antimicrobial-Resistance Gene Set (ARG) of Raw Milk and Dairy Products in a Cattle Farm, from Production to Consumption.

Raw milk and dairy products can serve as potential vectors for transmissible bacterial, viral and protozoal diseases, alongside harboring antimicrobial-resistance genes. This study monitors the changes in the antimicrobial-resistance gene pool in raw milk and cheese, from farm to consumer, utilizing next-generation sequencing. Five parallel sampling runs were conducted to assess the resistance gene pool, as well as phage or plasmid carriage and potential mobility.

"…in the middle of nowhere…" Access to, and quality of, services for autistic adults from parents' perspectives: a qualitative study.

Introduction: Adequate education, employment, and services for autistic individuals contribute significantly to their and their parents' quality of life. Services and support for adults are dramatically more limited than those for children. The main purpose of this study was to explore how parents perceive factors supporting/hindering access to services, and how they assess the quality of services.

Quality of Life in Hungarian Parents of Autistic Individuals.

Purpose: Parents of autistic individuals have been known to have a lower overall quality of life (QQL) than those of typically developing children. We present the first Hungarian large-sample study whose objective was to explore the differences in QOL between parents of autistic individuals (AS) and those of neurotypical (NT) persons.

Methods: Based on the ABCX model we developed a questionnaire comprising standardized scales to characterize the life of parents involved.

Novel heterozygous STUB1 gene mutation causes SCA48 in a Hungarian patient.

Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA), also known as spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases with remarkable clinical and genetic heterogeneity. In the last ten years 20 genes were identified in the background of SCAs. One of these genes was STUB1 (STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1) (chromosome 16p13, NM_005861.

Hemizygous nonsense variant in the moesin gene leads to a new autoimmune phenotype of Immunodeficiency 50.

Here, we present the findings of an investigation involving two male siblings with juvenile total tooth loss, early-onset chronic leg ulcers, and autoimmune thyroiditis, as well as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with associated pulmonary emphysema in one and diabetes mellitus in the other. The clinical picture and lupus anticoagulant, cryoglobulin, and cold agglutinin positivity suggested the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. Flow cytometry analysis showed immunophenotypes consistent with immune dysregulation: a low number of naive T cells, elevated CD4 T cell counts, and decreased CD8 T-cell counts were detected, and more than half of the T-helper population was activated.

Population snapshot of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli invasive strains isolated from a Hungarian hospital.

Background: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the genetic background of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli invasive isolates obtained from a tertiary-care hospital in Budapest, Hungary.

Methods: Between October-November 2018, all invasive ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were collected from Central Hospital of Southern Pest.

Expression Patterns of Clock Gene mRNAs and Clock Proteins in Human Psoriatic Skin Samples.

Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory skin disorder that can be associated with sleep disturbance and negatively influence the daily rhythm. The link between the pathomechanism of psoriasis and the circadian rhythm has been suggested by several previous studies. However, there are insufficient data on altered clock mechanisms in psoriasis to prove these theories.

Hereditary and non-hereditary etiologies associated with extensive brain calcification: case series.

Cerebral calcification may be caused by several potentially treatable conditions, however, in most cases it does not receive special attention in clinical practice. From the point of view of etiology, the diseases associated with cerebral calcification can be divided into two main groups: idiopathic (mostly incurable) and secondary (potentially treatable). The first group includes mainly the hereditary diseases identified before 2021 (primary familial brain calcification subtypes, previously known as Fahr's disease or Fahr's syndrome).

The Effects of Bilateral Theta-burst Stimulation on Executive Functions and Affective Symptoms in Major Depressive Disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by severe affective as well as cognitive symptoms. Moreover, cognitive impairment in MDD can persist after the remission of affective symptoms. Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) is a promising tool to manage the affective symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD); however, its cognition-enhancing effects are sparsely investigated.

Eye-tracking-aided characterization of saccades and antisaccades in SYNE1 ataxia patients: a pilot study.

Background: SYNE1 ataxia is an autosomal recessive hereditary condition, the main characteristic features of which are gait and limb ataxia and cerebellar dysarthria. Reports have revealed that the clinical phenotype of SYNE1 ataxia is more complex than the first published cases with pure cerebellar signs indicated. The aim of this study was to characterize eye movement alterations in the first diagnosed Hungarian SYNE1 ataxia patients.

Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment-A State-of-the-Art Review on Methodological Characteristics and Stimulation Parameters.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been proposed as a new therapeutic way to enhance the cognition of patients with dementia. However, serious methodological limitations appear to affect the estimates of their efficacy. We reviewed the stimulation parameters and methods of studies that used TMS or tDCS to alleviate the cognitive symptoms of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Temporal Dynamics of Two Pathogenic Hantaviruses Among Rodents in Hungary.

Hantaviruses are worldwide pathogens, which often cause serious or even fatal diseases in humans. Hosts are predominantly in the form of rodents and soricomorphs; however, bats are also described as an important reservoir. In Hungary, representatives of two human pathogenic species of the genus Orthohantavirus are present: the Dobrava-Belgrade orthohantavirus and Puumala orthohantavirus.

Predominant neurological phenotype in a Hungarian family with two novel mutations in the XPA gene-case series.

Objective: The prevalence of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is quite low in Europe, which may result in a delay in determining the appropriate diagnosis. Furthermore, some subtypes of XP, including XPA, may manifest themselves with quite severe neurological symptoms in addition to the characteristic dermatological lesions. Accordingly, the aim of the current study is to highlight the predominant neurological aspects of XPA, as well as mild-to-moderate dermatological signs in a Hungarian family with 5 affected siblings.

[Diagnostic challenges in pediatric cow’s milk protein allergy].

The aim of our research is to evaluate and compare commonly performed diagnostic tests, and to examine the psychological disorders induced by this food allergy. Children with symptoms suggesting cow's milk protein allergy were included in this study (n = 47). Blood and saliva samples were collected from the participants.

Serologic survey of the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection among wild rodents in Hungary.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne pathogen, which causes an increasing number of severe infections in many parts of Africa, Asia and in Europe. The virus is primarily transmitted by ticks, however, the spectrum of natural hosts regarding CCHFV includes a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. Although the presence of CCHFV was hypothesized in Hungary, data in support of CCHFV prevalence has thus far, proven insufficient.

[Multiple ischemic stroke in Osler-Rendu-Weber disease].

Hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia (HHT, Osler-Rendu-Weber disease) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder caused by the mutation of several possible genes and characterized by malformations of the arteriovenous system in multiple organs. The clinical diagnosis is based on the Curaçao criteria ((1) spontaneous, recurrent epistaxis; (2) teleangiectasias in characteristic sites (lips, oral cavity, nose, fingers); (3) visceral lesions (gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cerebral, spinal); (4) affected first degree relative). The aim of this study is to present the first genetically confirmed Hungarian case of hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia with multiple ischemic strokes.

Continuous theta-burst stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex inhibits improvement on a working memory task.

Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may be more effective for modulating cortical excitability compared to standard repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. However, the impact of intermittent (iTBS) and continuous TBS (cTBS) on working memory (WM) is poorly studied. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of iTBS and cTBS on WM over the left and right DLPFC.

Microglia control the spread of neurotropic virus infection via P2Y12 signalling and recruit monocytes through P2Y12-independent mechanisms.

Neurotropic herpesviruses can establish lifelong infection in humans and contribute to severe diseases including encephalitis and neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms through which the brain's immune system recognizes and controls viral infections propagating across synaptically linked neuronal circuits have remained unclear. Using a well-established model of alphaherpesvirus infection that reaches the brain exclusively via retrograde transsynaptic spread from the periphery, and in vivo two-photon imaging combined with high resolution microscopy, we show that microglia are recruited to and isolate infected neurons within hours.

Phenotyping acute and chronic atopic dermatitis-like lesions in Stat6VT mice identifies a role for IL-33 in disease pathogenesis.

The Stat6VT mouse model of atopic dermatitis (AD) is induced by T-cell-specific expression of a constitutively active form of the protein signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). Although AD-like lesions are known to develop in Stat6VT mice, this study was designed to determine if these mice develop acute and chronic phases of disease similar to humans. To address this, AD-like lesions from Stat6VT mice were harvested at two different timepoints relative to their onset.

The Effect of Emotion and Reward Contingencies on Relational Memory in Major Depression: An Eye-Movement Study with Follow-Up.

Episodic memory disturbances were found to constitute a potential trait marker for major depression (MD). The recall of positive or rewarding information in a relational context is specifically impaired. Eye-movement recording constitutes a novel, direct approach to examine implicit memory performance.

Gender-Specific Degeneration of Dementia-Related Subcortical Structures Throughout the Lifespan.

Age-related changes in brain structure are a question of interest to a broad field of research. Structural decline has been consistently, but not unambiguously, linked to functional consequences, including cognitive impairment and dementia. One of the areas considered of crucial importance throughout this process is the medial temporal lobe, and primarily the hippocampal region.