Dynamic point of care ultrasound is effective in the early diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in children and adolescents.

Introduction: Several studies have proven that ultrasound (US) can improve the efficiency of early diagnostics of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. ACL US is mainly performed by sonologists or radiologists. We have very little data on how effective these tests are if they are performed by an orthopaedic surgeon.

miRNA Biology in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial regulatory role in fundamental biological processes and have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. The first evidence of the cancer-related function of miRNAs was discovered in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in the early 2000s. Alterations in miRNA expression have since been shown to strongly influence the clinical course, prognosis, and response to treatment in patients with CLL.

Non-coding RNAs in disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a heterogeneous group of transcripts that, by definition, are not translated into proteins. Since their discovery, ncRNAs have emerged as important regulators of multiple biological functions across a range of cell types and tissues, and their dysregulation has been implicated in disease. Notably, much research has focused on the link between microRNAs (miRNAs) and human cancers, although other ncRNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are also emerging as relevant contributors to human disease.

Comparative Evaluation of the Repair Bond Strength of Dental Resin Composite after Sodium Bicarbonate or Aluminum Oxide Air-Abrasion.

The dental prophylactic cleaning of a damaged resin-based composite (RBC) restoration with sodium bicarbonate can change the surface characteristics and influence the repair bond strength. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of sodium bicarbonate (SB) and aluminum oxide (AO) surface treatments on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of repaired, aged RBC. Bar specimens were prepared from microhybrid RBC and aged in deionized water for 8 weeks.

Aspirin Mediates Its Antitumoral Effect Through Inhibiting PTTG1 in Pituitary Adenoma.

Context: DNA demethylation and inhibitory effects of aspirin on pituitary cell proliferation have been demonstrated.

Objective: Our aim was to clarify the molecular mechanisms behind the aspirin-related effects in pituitary cells.

Methods: DNA methylome and whole transcriptome profile were investigated in RC-4B/C and GH3 pituitary cell lines upon aspirin treatment.

Effect of Air-Polishing and Different Post-Polishing Methods on Surface Roughness of Nanofill and Microhybrid Resin Composites.

Air-abrasion is a popular prophylactic procedure to maintain oral hygiene. However, depending on the applied air-abrasive powder, it can damage the surface of the tooth and restorations, making it susceptible to plaque accumulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 5 s and 10 s air-abrasion of calcium carbonate on surface roughness (Ra) of enamel, nanofill, and microhybrid resin-composites and the effect of post-polishing with two-step rubber- (RP) or one-step brush polisher (BP) to re-establish the surface smoothness.

Standardisation of protocols can be crucial in long non-coding RNA research.

In this issue, Traversa et al. [1] reviewed our current knowledge about the role of circular and linear forms of PVT1 non-coding RNA in cancer and human diseases. They highlighted the technical challenges of these studies and raised a potential bias in the publications, which require more attention from researchers.

Three Dimensional Cell Culturing for Modeling Adrenal and Pituitary Tumors.

monolayer conditions are not able to reproduce the complexity of solid tumors, still, there is scarce information about the 3D cell culture models of endocrine tumor types. Therefore, our aim was to develop 3D tumor models by different methodologies for adrenocortical carcinoma (H295R), pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (RC-4B/C and GH3) and pheochromocytoma (PC-12). Various methodologies were tested.

Demethylation Status of Somatic DNA Extracted From Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors Indicates Proliferative Behavior.

Background: Cytosine intermediaries 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), epigenetic hallmarks, have never been investigated in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET).

Objective: To examine methylation-demethylation status of global deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in PitNET tissues and to assess its correlation with clinical and biological parameters.

Materials And Methods: Altogether, 57 PitNET and 25 corresponding plasma samples were collected.

The effect of dual inhibition of Ras-MEK-ERK and GSK3β pathways on development of cultured rabbit embryos.

Dual inhibition (2i) of Ras-MEK-ERK and GSK3β pathways enables the derivation of embryo stem cells (ESCs) from refractory mouse strains and, for permissive strains, allows ESC derivation with no external protein factor stimuli involvement. In addition, blocking of ERK signalling in 8-cell-stage mouse embryos leads to ablation of GATA4/6 expression in hypoblasts, suggesting fibroblast growth factor (FGF) dependence of hypoblast formation in the mouse. In human, bovine or porcine embryos, the hypoblast remains unaffected or displays slight-to-moderate reduction in cell number.

Comprehensive Analysis of Circulating miRNAs in the Plasma of Patients With Pituitary Adenomas.

Background: Circulating miRNAs in pituitary adenomas would improve patient care, especially as minimally invasive biomarkers of tumor recurrence and progression in nonfunctioning adenoma cases.

Aim: Our aim was to investigate plasma miRNA profiles in patients with pituitary adenomas.

Materials And Methods: A total of 149 plasma and extracellular vesicle (preoperative, early postoperative, and late postoperative) samples were collected from 45 patients with pituitary adenomas.

Survivin as a potential therapeutic target of acetylsalicylic acid in pituitary adenomas.

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is known as a cancer preventing agent, but there is no data available regarding the effect of ASA on pituitary cells. We investigated 66 nonfunctioning (NFPA) and growth hormone (GH)-producing adenomas and 15 normal pituitary samples. Functional assays (cell viability, proliferation, flow cytometry cell cycle analysis, caspase-3 activation and DNA degradation) were applied to explore the effect of ASA, YM155 (survivin inhibitor), survivin-targeting siRNA and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in RC-4B/C and GH3 cells.

[The role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas].

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single stranded RNA molecules which play regulatory roles through posttranscriptional regulation of their target genes. Based on our current knowledge, more than 30% of the human protein-coding genes are regulated by miRNAs, hence influencing basic cellular mechanisms including cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death. Differential miRNA expression pattern has been detected in many different types of tumors and, recently, several publications have referred to miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets.

MEN1 mutations and potentially MEN1-targeting miRNAs are responsible for menin deficiency in sporadic and MEN1 syndrome-associated primary hyperparathyroidism.

Inherited, germline mutations of menin-coding MEN1 gene cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), while somatic MEN1 mutations are the sole main driver mutations in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), suggesting that menin deficiency has a central role in the pathogenesis of PHPT. MiRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs posttranscriptionally regulating gene expression. Our aim was to investigate both the role of MEN1 mutations and potentially MEN1-targeting miRNAs as the underlying cause of menin deficiency in MEN1-associated and sporadic PHPT tissues.

Systematic Investigation of Expression of G2/M Transition Genes Reveals CDC25 Alteration in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas.

Dysregulation of G1/S checkpoint of cell cycle has been reported in pituitary adenomas. In addition, our previous finding showing that deregulation of Wee1 kinase by microRNAs together with other studies demonstrating alteration of G2/M transition in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) suggest that G2/M transition may also be important in pituitary tumorigenesis. To systematically study the expression of members of the G2/M transition in NFPAs and to investigate potential microRNA (miRNA) involvement.

Histological diagnosis determines complications of percutaneous renal biopsy: a single-center experience in 353 patients.

Background: We studied the connection between complication occurrence related to renal biopsies and histological diagnoses of the biopsy specimen. We also analyzed the distribution of diagnoses in our population.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 353 patients undergoing renal biopsy at the same center.

Effects of mono- and dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system on markers of cardiovascular status in hypertensive patients with mild and moderate renal failure.

Background/aims: Dual renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade has no more efficiency to decrease cardiovascular mortality than mono-blockade. Our goal was to explore differences between other cardiovascular markers in patients with RAS blockade.

Methods: We analyzed two groups of patients treated with a long-term ACE inhibitor (MONO-group, n = 20) and an ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker (DUAL-group, n = 15).